Demand response programs vs congestion and cascading line outages in smart grids

Abstract

Summary Cascading line outages may result in minor or major blackouts, which are considered as a main concern in the power system operation. Usually when a line is disconnected from the grid due to any reason, other lines may fail due to the congestion. So, this procedure may cause the cascading line outages. On the other hand, the demand response programs (DRPs) can be applied as an efficient, environmental friendly, and sustainable tool in preventing the cascading line outages. In this paper, a new procedure has been presented by which the direct load control (DLC) is applied intelligently as a common DRP in order to prevent the cascading line outages. In the proposed method, first the critical lines are recognized based on the line failure distribution factors (LODFs) and generalized line outage distribution factors (GLODFs). Then, the optimal busses for implementing DRPs are appointed based on power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs). After that, by applying dynamic DC optimal power flow (DCOPF), not only the cascading line outages are prevented, but also the optimal incentives in DLC are determined simultaneously. In fact, the proposed method has significant benefits both for the customers and utility. To show the effectiveness of our proposed technique, it is applied on the IEEE 118‐bus test system. Results indicate the practical benefits of the presented method.

Congestion management through distributed generations and energy storage systems

“…This paper mainly focuses on the preventive method. For more information about the corrective method, please refer to Guo et al and Dehnavi and Abdi 6When there is not any line outage, the preventive methodology is applied. 7The critical lines are appointed using Equations 1 to 3. 8Considering the critical lines and their related PTDF values, the candidate busses (with the higher absolute PTDF values) are selected for DG or ESS implementation. 9The sign of PTDF at the candidate bus is checked. 10If the sign of PTDF is positive, the candidate bus is selected for the DG generation or ESS discharging.…”

Customer targeting optimization system for price-based demand response programs

“…Finally, some works present methods for appliance management, protection and control, and scheduling for residential customers aiming to help them to maximize the benefits of DR programs.…”

An R-based forecasting approach for efficient demand response strategies in autonomous micro-grids

“…In fact, by offering a comprehensive DR program, end-users have the chance to assist the system operator lessen the number of blackouts in smart grids. 12 DR programs offer the end-users more market options even when real competition in not present in the retail market. Consequently, the electricity market performance benefits.…”