Demand-Response-Oriented Load Aggregation Scheduling Optimization Strategy for Inverter Air Conditioner

Li, Qifen; Zhao, Yihan; Yang, Yiding; Zhang, Liting; Chen, Ju

doi:10.3390/en16010337

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The applied voltage stayed within the expected range for single-phase power, verifying proper operation of the AC unit. Monitoring the voltage profile provides insights into the electrical power supply characteristics and performance of the microcontroller-driven inverter AC system [9]. The steady voltage during continuous operation indicates efficient electrical control by the inverter module.…”

Section: N V O T E Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System

Negara,

Anakottapary,

Midiani

et al. 2023

INVOTEK

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Recent advancements in air conditioning (AC) technologies, such as inverters, enable the compressor to remain activated despite reaching the setpoint temperature. This study investigates the cooling performance and electrical parameters of a split inverter AC system controlled by a microcontroller in order to determine the operational performance characteristics of the air conditioning system. An ATmega 2560 microcontroller integrated with PZEM, DS18B20, and LCD I2C sensors monitors was 8,525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. During a 1-hour experimental run, the temperature differential between supply air (Tsupply) and return air (Treturn) stabilized at approximately 17 °C, with Tsupply reaching a minimum of 8.5 °C. Treturn remained relatively constant after 500 s with no fluctuations. Moreover, power draw maintained an average of 750 W (1 PK) with no variations, exhibiting an inverse relationship with Tsupply. The maximum energy consumption recorded during the experiment was 1,373 kWh. As expected based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, the energy usage showed a direct proportional relationship with the total runtime of the system. That is, the longer the AC system was engaged, the higher the total energy required to maintain the cooling effect. Overall, microcontroller-based split inverter AC enables real-time performance monitoring and efficient operation, representing a promising technology.

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Section: N V O T E Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to non-inverter AC where the compressor operates when the temperature changes [9]. There are many advantages to inverter air conditionings compared to non-inverters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System

Negara,

Anakottapary,

Midiani

et al. 2023

INVOTEK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reference [13] takes electric vehicles as the research object, adopts a heterogeneity parameter equivalent aggregation method, constructs an aggregation model for electric vehicles, and effectively extracts the overall power regulation characteristics of electric vehicles. Reference [14] takes air conditioning load as the research object, models and aggregates air conditioning load in the region through load aggregators, proposes a variable frequency air conditioning total scheduling optimization strategy considering incentive compensation measures, and introduces temperature rise compensation factors for sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the effectiveness of load aggregation technologies for different electricity consumption scenarios of air conditioning loads in the region. Reference [15] takes temperature control load as the research object, constructs an aggregation model based on the physical characteristics of temperature control load, and introduces sparrow search algorithm for model solving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Aggregation Method for Load Aggregators Considering Users’ Deviation Electricity

Li,

Dou,

Yang

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Constructing a new energy-based power system is not only an important direction for the transformation and upgrade of China’s power system, but also a key to achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality. How to fully utilize situation awareness technology to adapt to diverse and differentiated scenarios has become a crucial breakthrough point for ensuring the reliable, safe, high-quality, low-carbon, and economical operation of the new power system. Starting from the distribution network demand resources, this paper proposes a dynamic aggregation method for load aggregators considering the user deviation quantity, to deal with the current situation that the adjustable load-side resource points are multi-faceted and wide, and the operating subjects are complex and difficult to participate directly in the grid dispatch. First, considering there is subjectivity in the electricity behavior of users under the jurisdiction of the load aggregator, a deviation amount may be generated during the actual aggregation process, which reduces the profit of the load aggregator. Therefore, a load aggregator-level user deviation dynamic volume forecasting method based on the Markov chain is proposed, which is used to predict the deviation quantity of users during the dispatch cycle and achieve a dynamic status estimate on the load side of the new power system. On this basis, a dynamic aggregation model for load aggregators based on the deviation volume was constructed with the objective of maximizing the revenue of load aggregators. The examples, by comparing the aggregation results of users under three scenarios, show the proposed method can effectively guarantee the income of load aggregators, verify the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic aggregation strategy, and provide technical support for the operation situation awareness of the load side of the new power system.

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“…Reference [14] introduces a dynamic carbon emission factor to integrate the total cost of the system (including electricity and carbon emission costs) and user comfort as multiple objectives to optimize air conditioning operation with a single objective. Reference [15] establishes a polymeric model of air conditioning to increase the potential of users to participate in demand response by changing the temperature rise compensation factor. Reference [16], considering interactions with Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and EV users, developed a novel multi-phase joint tendering and pricing strategy for EVA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Layer Optimization Strategy of Electric Vehicle and Air Conditioning Load Considering the Benefit of Peak-to-Valley Smoothing

Shi,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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To satisfy the interests of multiple agents and those of comprehensive indicators such as peak-to-valley differences and load fluctuations occurring on the network side, this paper presents a flexible load demand-side response optimization method that considers the benefits of peak-to-valley smoothing. First, load aggregation modelling of air conditioning and electric vehicles was conducted, and the complementarity of the power consumption behavior of different types of flexible loads was used to improve the responsiveness of the load aggregator. Second, considering demand-side responses and taking into account the interests of both supply and demand, the load fluctuation and peak-to-valley difference on the network side are reduced, and a flexible load double-layer optimization model incorporating the peak-to-valley smoothing benefit is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization model is verified by using the KKT condition and the big M method to evaluate this two-layer optimization problem as a single-layer optimization problem. Comparative examples show that the proposed two-layer optimization method can take advantage of the complementarity of air conditioning and electric vehicles to improve the income of load aggregators. Moreover, the proposed method can effectively reduce the load peak-to-valley difference and load fluctuation of the distribution network by introducing the peak-to-valley smoothing benefit model.

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Demand-Response-Oriented Load Aggregation Scheduling Optimization Strategy for Inverter Air Conditioner

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System

Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System

Dynamic Aggregation Method for Load Aggregators Considering Users’ Deviation Electricity

Two-Layer Optimization Strategy of Electric Vehicle and Air Conditioning Load Considering the Benefit of Peak-to-Valley Smoothing

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