Demand and price fluctuations effect on risk and profit of single and clustered microgrids during COVID-19 pandemic

Khalili, Tohid; Bidram, Ali; Chermak, Janie

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108093

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Supply instability and a sharp rise in raw material prices caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, resource constraints, and social instability are severely impacting the global economy 1–4 . To replace existing energy sources with energy sources from solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, an abundant and stable supply of raw materials is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells

et al. 2023

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Understanding the defect characteristics that occur near the space‐charge regions (SCRs) of kesterite (CZTSSe) solar cells is important because the recombination loss at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is considered the main cause of their low efficiency. CZTSSe surfaces with different elemental compositions were formed without polishing (C00) and with polishing for 20 s (C20) and 60 s (C60). For C60, a specific region near the SCR was excessively Cu‐rich and Zn‐poor compared to C00 and C20. Various charged defects formed where the elemental variation was large. As the main deep acceptor defect energy level (Ea2) near the SCR increased, the efficiency, open‐circuit voltage deficit, and current density degraded, and this phenomenon was especially rapid for large Ea2 values. As the Ea2 near the SCR became deep, the carrier diffusion length decreased more for the CZTSSe solar cells with a low carrier mobility than for the CuInGaSe2 (CIGSe) solar cells. The large amplitude of the electrostatic potential fluctuation in the CZTSSe solar cells induced a high carrier recombination and a short carrier lifetime. Consequently, the properties of the CZTSSe solar cells were more strongly degraded by defects with deep energy levels near the SCR than those of the CIGSe solar cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells

et al. 2023

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic is a global phenomenon that has an impact on various aspects, among economic, social, political, environmental, technological, and health [1,2,3]. Besides, this phenomenon is also a challenge to the way individuals work (lifestyle), demand, distribution, and supply systems, which trigger crises [4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing inventory policy to mitigate stockouts during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of a pharmacy in Riau, Indonesia

Puspitasari,

Chandra,

Kartika Dewa

et al. 2023

Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri

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This paper studies on proposed inventory policy at a well-known pharmacy in Riau Province, Indonesia. Pharmacy X often experiences stockouts, especially during the critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic. These stockouts lead to lost sales. The Q and P inventory models are used to determine the optimal order quantity and order period using several simulation scenarios. Storage capacity and the ability of suppliers to supply drugs are constraints in this study. However, only 7 SKUs that often run out will be examined. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the shortage level of the SKUs using a parameter of shortage costs. After simulation, it was proven there was a decrease in the shortage costs in each SKU compared to the actual state. The reduction reached 23% - 74%.

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Effective energy commodity risk management on Indonesia

Kuntadi

2022

Resources Policy

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Demand and price fluctuations effect on risk and profit of single and clustered microgrids during COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells

Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells

Optimizing inventory policy to mitigate stockouts during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of a pharmacy in Riau, Indonesia

Effective energy commodity risk management on Indonesia

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