DEM-based virtual experimental blast furnace: A quasi-steady state model

Discrete Particle Simulation of Solid Flow in a Large-Scale Reduction Shaft Furnace with Center Gas Supply Device

“…To overcome this shortcoming, discrete element method (DEM) which describes granular flow at an individual particle level, has been widely used for studying the fundamental behaviour of solid flow in ironmaking processes, e.g. blast furnace [10][11][12][13][14][15] and smelting reduction process such as COREX and FINEX. [16][17][18][19][20] The detailed micro-dynamic information of individual particles such as particle velocity and interaction forces between particles can be obtained by DEM.…”

Review on Modeling and Simulation of Blast Furnace

“…Peters and Hoffmann developed a 1D CFD‐DEM model to investigate iron ore reduction against the measurement. Recently, based on the comprehensive heat transfer model of Zhou et al, Hou et al developed a 2D CFD‐DEM model to simulate the multiphase flow and thermochemical behaviors and performance of the LKAB experimental BF. This model can satisfactorily predict gas and solid temperature against the measurements.…”

“…In‐furnace state of different zones: a) from a dissection study (I: layered structure; II: CZ including fused layers; III: coke zone and the deadman; IV: hearth) and b) from the present particle scale simulation (Coke particles above the hearth are not shown) …”

“…Also, considerable model developments based on either discrete or continuum approach have been made recently. These include, for example, the continuum modeling of layered structures of ore and coke and their impacts on CZ behaviors and global BF performance and three‐dimensional (3D) multiphase flow and thermochemical characteristics of BF processes, the discrete simulation of cohesive zone, liquid trickling flow in the dripping zone and coupled flow, heat and mass transfer, as well as the development of large‐scale simulation capability, and multi‐scale modeling strategy …”

Static Heat Energy Balance Mathematical Model for an Iron Blast Furnace

“…Taking [1] as reference, the following study has been conducted to calculate exact heat distributions of each input and output component of the furnace, in detail. Various standard textbooks [2][3][4][5], and papers [11][12][13][14] have been referred to get an in-depth insight into the factors which should be taken into consideration, and the reactions taking place in the different regions of the furnace. The standard enthalpy of formation of compounds data has been taken from [6], the enthalpy data of elements and compounds at high temperatures has been taken from [7] and the heat of solution data has been taken from [8].…”