DEM analyses of rock block shape effect on the response of rockfall impact against a soil buffering layer

Shen, Weigang; Zhao, Tao; Dai, Feng; Jiang, Mingjing; Zhou, Guomei

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.12.011

Cited by 74 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, for the rockfalls of the same weight and impact speed, cubic rocks have shorter contact time and greater peak impact force than spherical rocks [44]. More information about the influence of rockfall shape on impact dynamic response is analyzed by numerical simulation [45,46] because numerical simulation can control variables better and get more details. We designed two different types of rockfalls in the initial design of the experiment, in order to find more convincing evidence through experiments than numerical simulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Impact Response of RC Slabs with a Sandy Soil Cushion Layer

Zhou

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The impact response of reinforced-concrete (RC) slabs covered with a sandy soil cushion layer was investigated using an outdoor rockfall impact test platform. Impact tests were carried out by releasing rockfalls with different weights from different heights to impact a combined structure. Test data included the acceleration duration curve of the rockfall, strain of the concrete slab at multiple measuring points, and midpoint displacement duration curve of the slab. The test results showed an exponential relationship between the impact force acting on the cushion layer surface and cushion layer thickness. An empirical formula was used to calculate the maximum penetration, and the result was in good agreement with the test value. In addition, the attenuation rate of the impact force acting on the cushion layer increased exponentially with the increase in the cushion layer thickness, and the peak impact force could be attenuated by approximately 70% at a thickness of 0.6 m. Finally, the failure process and failure modes of the RC slabs were investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Impact Response of RC Slabs with a Sandy Soil Cushion Layer

Zhou

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…The DEM is also widely used to investigate debris-barrier interaction [9,28] because it provides micro-scale information that cannot be obtained in physical modelling [29]. Based on this information, we can determine the relation between the micro-mechanism and macro-behavior [5,17,24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under multiple-surge impact, the interaction between the dead zone and subsequent surges is important, because the dead zone can serve as a cushioning layer. In engineering practice, granular layers are often used to protect structures from impact loading, providing added reinforcement, for example, in rock sheds [18,24] and rigid barriers [25]. Therefore, it is also important to examine the cushioning effect of the dead zone during multiple-surge impact, which is not well covered in the literature, because it may offer some engineering implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Multiple-Impact Behavior of Granular Flow on a Rigid Barrier

Zhang

Huang

Lü

et al. 2020

Water

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The debris–barrier interaction issue has gained considerable attention among the engineering community, but most researches have only focused on the single-surge impact condition, with the multiple-surge impact mechanism still lacking clarity. However, multiple-surge impact is more typical in the field. Thus, we conduct some numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM) and present a series of results that provide preliminary insights into the multiple-surge impact mechanism. The DEM model is firstly calibrated using physical experimental results and then used to investigate the flow kinematics, impact dynamics and energy evolution of the successive impact process. The results indicate that compared with single-surge conditions, the barrier is safer under multiple-surge impact as the deposition spreading distance is extended by 6–20% and the impact force is reduced by 6–30%. The dead zone formed by the previous surge behaves as a cushioning layer and a medium for momentum transfer. Three mechanisms of energy dissipation during surge–dead-zone interactions were identified: friction and penetration at the interaction face between the surge and dead zone, inelastic deformation of the dead zone, and inter-particle interaction within the surge. Each component was analyzed, which shows that inter-particle collision friction accounts for over 60% of the total energy loss during surge–dead-zone interaction. In addition, the performance of granular jump theory in predicting the multiple-surge impact force is assessed, and some possible modifications are proposed. Finally, some engineering implications from the presented numerical results are discussed.

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“…Yan et al (2018) used LS-DYNA code to analyze the impact force and dynamic response of the reinforced concrete slab by considering the falling rock's shape and impact angle. Shen et al (2019) investigated the mechanism of rockfall impact against a granular soil buffering layer above a concrete/rock shed by discrete element method, which indicates that the maximum impact force increases linearly with the rockfall sphericity. Naito et al (2020) used a discrete element method to investigate the cushioning performance of a sand cushion and proposed the effective and rational measures for the protection of the rock-shed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Damage Model for the Rock-Shed Roof Under the Rockfall

liu

2021

Preprint

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The dynamic response of the rock-shed roof under the rockfall is a complicated mechanical process, which mainly includes the following three deformation stages, e.g. the elastic compression, plastic damage compression and elastic resilience stages of the rock-shed roof. However, the existing models based on Hertz elastic-perfectly plastic contact theory cannot perfectly reflect the above mechanical process. Therefore, on basis of the classical Hertz contact theory, the damage of the rock-shed roof induced by the rockfall is firstly introduced to consider its effect on the material elastic modulus, and then the revised Hertz contact theory considering the damage is proposed. Secondly, in view of the existing calculation method of the maximum rockfall impact force based on the theorem of impulse, a new calculation method is proposed by combining the revised Hertz contact theory. Thirdly, according to the dynamic mechanical response process of the rock-shed roof under the rockfall and in view of the revised Hertz contact theory, a dynamic damage model for the rock-shed roof under the rockfall is proposed, which can perfectly illustrate the variation law of the impact force with the deformation of the rock-shed roof during the rockfall. Finally, the proposed model is verified with other models for the maximum rockfall impact force. In all, the proposed model can perfectly describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of the rock-shed roof under the rockfall, which can be referred for the engineering design.

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DEM analyses of rock block shape effect on the response of rockfall impact against a soil buffering layer

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental Investigation of Impact Response of RC Slabs with a Sandy Soil Cushion Layer

Experimental Investigation of Impact Response of RC Slabs with a Sandy Soil Cushion Layer

Numerical Investigation of Multiple-Impact Behavior of Granular Flow on a Rigid Barrier

A Dynamic Damage Model for the Rock-Shed Roof Under the Rockfall

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