Delusional Misidentification of the Mirror Image

Roane, David M.; Feinberg, Todd E.; Liberta, Taylor

doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0972-5

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the result of the present study suggested that the mirror sign had a similar occurrence in DLB and AD and that it was not significantly related to the misidentifi- cation of person. Thus, this study supports the claim that the mirror sign is an independent misidentification phenomenon that should be considered separate from other DMSs [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We could not analyze which aspects of cognitive impairments were associated with the mirror sign because the dementia levels in most patients were too severe for detailed cognitive evaluations. A recent comprehensive review of cases with the mirror sign [18] suggested the following: (1) The mirror sign is exceedingly rare compared to the other DMSs. (2) It is uniformly associated with neurological illness, most commonly with neurodegenerative dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Clinical Implications of the Mirror and TV Signs in Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Nagahama

Fukui

Akutagawa

et al. 2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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KeywordsDelusional misidentification syndrome · Sense of self · Lewy body dementia · Alzheimer's disease · Misidentification of television · Misidentification of the mirror image Abstract Objective: To explore the prevalence and clinical implications of the mirror and TV signs in the moderate to advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods: We retrospectively examined the prevalence of clinical and psychiatric symptoms including the mirror and TV signs in 200 subjects with AD and 200 with DLB and evaluated the relationships among the symptoms. Results: The mirror sign was found in 3.0% of AD and 4.5% of DLB subjects. The TV sign was found in 1.5% of AD and 4.0% of DLB subjects. The prevalence of the mirror and TV signs was not significantly different between the AD and DLB groups. Visual hallucination, visual illusion, misidentification of person, and sleep talking were significantly more frequent in DLB than in AD subjects. The mirror sign was significantly associated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores, whereas the TV sign was significantly associated with the misidentification of person. Conclusions: Both the mirror and TV signs were rare even in the moderate to advanced stages of AD and DLB. The mirror sign may be independent from other delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs). Being associated mainly with global cognitive decline, the mirror sign is unlikely attributed to any specific cognitive impairment or the dysfunction of localized brain areas. In contrast, the TV sign was significantly more often coexistent with the misidentification of person, suggesting that the TV sign may partly share common neuropsychological mechanisms with DMSs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of the Mirror and TV Signs in Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Nagahama

Fukui

Akutagawa

et al. 2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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“…Feinberg and Roane (2005; cf. Feinberg, 2010; Roane et al., 2019) proposed to group various syndromes that present alterations in the patient’s personal identity or personal relationships between the self and the world within the category of neuropathologies of the self, which follow from damage to the right medial-frontal and orbitofrontal cortex. Deficits in these systems produce dysregulation of the self, either in terms of under-relatedness to personally significant aspects of the self (as own-face for MSM patients), or of over-relatedness to selected aspects of the self (as other-faces for Frégoli syndrome) that were inappropriately over-incorporated into the self (Feinberg, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section we briefly survey studies related to neuropsychology and psychopathology beyond studies reviewed previously on state and trait dissociation and schizotypy in healthy populations. Researchers have documented delusions of mirrored-self misidentification (MSM, which is grouped under the umbrella of delusional misidentification syndromes, DMS; Roane et al, 2019) in neuropsychological studies of patients affected with dementia or Alzheimer's disease (Ajuriaguerra et al, 1963;Breen et al, 2001;Mulcare et al, 2012). Patients with MSM, when looking into a mirror, believe that the persons they see in the mirror are strangers they can interact with, explaining that the stranger is an impostor or a duplicate of known persons (Mulcare et al, 2012).…”

Section: Hypothesized Neuroscientific Aspects Of Aes In Mirror-and Eye-gazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compulsive behaviors and rituals in front of the mirror are shown in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD: DSM-5, APA, 2013). Mirrored-self misidentification, hallucinations of a stranger and delusions during mirror-gazing are shown in delusional misidentification syndromes (Roane et al., 2019), and hypnotic suggestion can produce delusions in mirror-gazing (Connors, 2015).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Caputo

Lynn

Houran

2020

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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We critically reviewed the protocols, results, and potential implications from empirical studies ( n = 44) on mirror-gazing (including the “psychomanteum”) and eye-to-eye gazing, both in healthy individuals and clinical patients, including studies of hypnotic mirrored self-misidentification, mirror-gazing in body dysmorphic disorder and schizophrenia. We found these methods to be effective for eliciting altered states or anomalous experiences under controlled conditions and in non-clinical samples. Mirror-gazing and eye-to-eye-gazing produced anomalous experiences almost exclusively in the visual, bodily, and self-identity modalities, whereas psychomanteum experiences tended also to involve voices, smells, and bodily touches. The complexity, diversity, and specificity in contents across these anomalous experiences suggest mechanisms beyond perceptual distortions or illusions. We argue that mirror- and eye-gazing anomalous perceptions implicate different mechanisms that induce (i) Derealization (anomalous perceptions of external reality); (ii) Depersonalization (anomalous perceptions of the body), and (iii) Dissociated identity (anomalous perceptions of another identity in place of the self in mirror-gazing or in place of the other in eye-to-eye gazing). These interpretations suggest directions for future researches.

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Anton, Balint, Charles Bonnet, and the Others: The ABC of Cerebral Visual Syndromes (A Historical Guide and an Update)

Kertesz

2023

Can. J. Neurol. Sci.

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Cerebral visual impairments have been of great interest to neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuroscientists. Complicated or partial varieties related to cortical blindness are discussed in this review. They are a fascinating alphabet of eponymic clinical syndromes, bordering neurology, ophthalmology, and even psychiatry. Recent functional imaging and experimental studies have contributed further knowledge of cognitive visual organization in addition to the classical lesion evidence.

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Delusional Misidentification of the Mirror Image

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of the Mirror and TV Signs in Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of the Mirror and TV Signs in Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Anton, Balint, Charles Bonnet, and the Others: The ABC of Cerebral Visual Syndromes (A Historical Guide and an Update)

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