Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is Effective in the Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome

Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten; Schneider, Udo; Prevedel, Heidrun; Theloe, Karen; Kolbe, H.; Daldrup, Thomas; Emrich, H. M.

doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0417

Cited by 232 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Alternatively, this attenuation in reinstatement might be a consequence of the hypothesized inhibitory feedback mechanism that counters the striatal dopamine-cannabinoid pathway (Giuffrida et al, 1999). Indeed, this mechanism might underlie the ameliorating effect of cannabinoid activation in animal models (Beltramo et al, 2000) as well as the patients (Muller-Vahl et al, 2003) of disorders related to the hyperactive dopaminergic tone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid System Modulates Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking: Possible Mediation by the Arachidonic Acid Cascade

Anggadiredja

Nakamichi

Hiranita

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

111

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We clarified the modulating action of the endocannabinoid system, and its possible mediation by the arachidonic acid cascade, on the reinstatement of methamphetamine (METH)-seeking behavior, using the intravenous self-administration paradigm in rats. Following 12 days of self-administration of METH, the replacement of METH with saline resulted in a gradual decrease in lever press responses (extinction). Under extinction conditions, METH-priming or re-exposure to cues previously paired with METH infusion markedly increased the responses (reinstatement of drug-seeking). The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716A, blocked this behavior. Although the cannabinoid agonist, D 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), had no effects by itself, coadministration of the agonist and METH at small doses reinstated the drug-seeking behavior. THC attenuated the effects of the reinstatement-inducing dose of METH, but enhanced the effect of cues. Either given repeatedly during the extinction or singly, 24 h before the first METH-priming or cues challenge, THC suppressed the reinstatement. In another set of experiments, we found that diclofenac, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, also attenuated the reinstatement induced by exposure to cues or drug-priming. These results suggest that the endocannabinoid system, through possible mediation by the arachidonic acid cascade, serves as a modulator of the reinstating effects of METH-priming and cues. Extending the current view on the treatment of drug dependence, these results indicate that endocannabinoid-activating substances as well as cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be promising as antirelapse agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid System Modulates Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking: Possible Mediation by the Arachidonic Acid Cascade

Anggadiredja

Nakamichi

Hiranita

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

111

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“…We don't know yet. But these unanswered questions do not diminish the significance of striatal endocannabinoid signalling, which is further highlighted by the effectiveness of cannabinoid agonists in the symptomatic treatment of LEVODOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIAS 125 and TOURETTE'S SYNDROME 126 , two disorders with strong striatal underpinnings.…”

Section: Regulation Of Gaba Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling

2003

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“…The same authors used Δ 9 -THC capsules of varying strengths in a single dose in 12 patients (class II study) and reported improvement in scores of the Tourette Syndrome Symptom List and obsessive-compulsive behavior scores, with a decreased number of complex motor tics observed by the examiner [28]. The following year, in a study of 24 patients using the maximumstrength Δ 9 -THC capsule from the pilot study (10 mg) for 6 weeks, a significant response in self-rated Tourette score and observer-rated scores, including the Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression Scale, the Shapiro Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale, and the Yal Global Tic Severity Scale, as well as the review of video, was noted [29]. These were then summarized in a Cochrane review [30].…”

Section: Tourette Syndrome Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Side effects were minimized by a simple technique of providing dronabinol after breakfast in order to slow its absorption and provide a steady level acting in the brain [29].…”

Section: Tourette Syndrome Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics

Koppel

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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Cannabis has been used for many medicinal purposes, including management of spasms, dystonia, and dyskinesias, with variable success. Its use for tetanus was described in the second century BCE, but the literature continues to include more case reports and surveys of its beneficial effects in managing symptoms of hyperkinetic movement disorders than randomized controlled trials, making evidence-based recommendations difficult. This paper reviews clinical research using various formulations of cannabis (botanical products, oral preparations containing Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and/or cannabidiol) and currently available preparations in the USA (nabilone and dronabinol). This has been expanded from a recent systematic review of cannabis use in several neurologic conditions to include case reports and case series and results of anonymous surveys of patients using cannabis outside of medical settings, with the original evidence classifications marked for those papers that followed research protocols. Despite overlap in some patients, dyskinesias will be treated separately from dystonia and chorea; benefit was not established beyond individual patients for these conditions. Tics, usually due to Tourettes, did respond to cannabis preparations. Side effects reported in the trials will be reviewed but those due to recreational use, including the dystonia that can be secondary to synthetic marijuana preparations, are outside the scope of this paper.

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Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is Effective in the Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome

Cited by 232 publications

References 27 publications

Endocannabinoid System Modulates Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking: Possible Mediation by the Arachidonic Acid Cascade

Endocannabinoid System Modulates Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking: Possible Mediation by the Arachidonic Acid Cascade

The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling

Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics

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