Delivery Systems for Intradermal Vaccination

Abstract

The skin is known to be a highly immunogenic site for vaccination, but few vaccines in clinical use target skin largely because conventional intradermal injection is difficult and unreliable to perform. Now, a number of new or newly adapted delivery technologies have been shown to administer vaccine to the skin either by non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. Non-invasive methods include high-velocity powder and liquid jet injection, as well as diffusion-based patches in combination with skin abrasion, thermal ablation, ultrasound, electroporation, and chemical enhancers. Minimally invasive methods are generally based on small needles, including solid microneedle patches, hollow microneedle injections and tattoo guns. The introduction of these advanced delivery technologies can make the skin a site for simple, reliable vaccination that increases vaccine immunogenicity and offers logistical advantages to improve the speed and coverage of vaccination.

A CFSE-based Assay to Study the Migration of Murine Skin Dendritic Cells into Draining Lymph Nodes During Infection with <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> Bacille Calmette-Gu&#233;rin

“…Footpad injection on the other hand, is likely a combination of the intradermal and subcutaneous routes. That said, it requires skill and training to correctly and reproducibly deliver BCG to the dermis 22 , so in clinical practice it may not always be given truly intradermal but rather subcutaneous or a combination of both. As an inoculation site the footpad does have two very clear advantages over the ear that merit mentioning.…”

Laser vaccine adjuvants

“…This limitation may prove less troublesome as new technologies for intradermal and transcutaneous vaccines further develop. 33,160 Another potential limitation of LVA pertains to the inherent limits of the immune response potential in treated tissue. LVA treatment alters DC responses to vaccine antigens based on transient light adjuvant exposure and without induction of significant inflammation.…”

Az mRNS-alapú génterápia dermatológiai alkalmazásának lehetôségei: fényvédelem újragondolva

“…Napjainkban a bôrön át történô anyagbevitel intradermális injekcióval, mikrotûkkel vagy génpus-kával történik. Az eljárások közül a legkevésbé invazív természettel a mikrotûk rendelkeznek, amelyek elég hosszúak ahhoz, hogy a bôr felsô rétegén áthatoljanak, de még ne okozzanak nagy fájdalmat (37,38). Ezen technikák további hátránya, hogy a bôr mélyebb rétegei-be hatolnak, míg az általunk kívánt hatás eléréséhez a fotoliáz fehérjét kódoló mRNS molekulákat a bôr epidermiszének bazális membrán vagy e fölötti rétegek sejtjeihez kellene eljuttatni, hiszen ezek a sejtek az UVB-sugárzás fô targetjei.…”