Delivery and Biosafety of Oncolytic Virotherapy

Liu, Lizhi; Liu, Shixin; Han, Duoduo; Tang, Bin; Ma, Jian

doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00475

Cited by 94 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the blood brain barrier is an impediment even to small particles [ 158 ]. However, these invasive procedures are difficult and risky to make repeated doses [ 159 ]. To increase this therapeutic approach, combined synergistic therapies should be analyzed [ 160 ], such as the application of previous radiotherapy, the use of immunomodulators, or chemotherapeutics agents, which enhance cytotoxic effects [ 88 , 161 ].…”

Section: Current Ov Challenges For Malignant Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Ríus-Rocabert

García-Romero

Garcı́a

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glioma tumors are one of the most devastating cancer types. Glioblastoma is the most advanced stage with the worst prognosis. Current therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. Recent advances in oncolytic immunotherapy have generated great expectations in the cancer therapy field. The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in cancer treatment is one such immune-related therapeutic alternative. OVs have a double oncolytic action by both directly destroying the cancer cells and stimulating a tumor specific immune response to return the ability of tumors to escape the control of the immune system. OVs are one promising alternative to conventional therapies in glioma tumor treatment. Several clinical trials have proven the feasibility of using some viruses to specifically infect tumors, eluding undesired toxic effects in the patient. Here, we revisited the literature to describe the main OVs proposed up to the present moment as therapeutic alternatives in order to destroy glioma cells in vitro and trigger tumor destruction in vivo. Oncolytic viruses were divided with respect to the genome in DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we highlight the results obtained in various clinical trials, which are exploring the use of these agents as an alternative where other approaches provide limited hope.

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Section: Current Ov Challenges For Malignant Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Ríus-Rocabert

García-Romero

Garcı́a

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The general safety of oncolytic viral therapy has been highlighted by published clinical trials, although some aspects, including off-target effects, unexpected toxic effects as result of the viral genome manipulation, virus mutation, evolution, and recombination, remain a theoretical concern [134]. Other potential limitations relate to the requirement of the viruses to reach every cell in the tumor and to spread between the tumor cells and the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies in the host that could result in a rapid shut down of viral replication.…”

Section: What Can We Learn From Approved Viral Therapies; Bacterial Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: Is the time now right?

Barrow

Dujardin

Fasel

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Infections caused by protozoan parasites burden the world with huge costs in terms of human and animal health. Most parasitic diseases caused by protozoans are neglected, particularly those associated with poverty and tropical countries, but the paucity of drug treatments and vaccines combined with increasing problems of drug resistance are becoming major concerns for their control and eradication. In this climate, the discovery/repurposing of new drugs and increasing effort in vaccine development should be supplemented with an exploration of new alternative/synergic treatment strategies. Viruses, either native or engineered, have been employed successfully as highly effective and selective therapeutic approaches to treat cancer (oncolytic viruses) and antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases (phage therapy). Increasing evidence is accumulating that many protozoan, but also helminth, parasites harbour a range of different classes of viruses that are mostly absent from humans. Although some of these viruses appear to have no effect on their parasite hosts, others either have a clear direct negative impact on the parasite or may, in fact, contribute to the virulence of parasites for humans. This review will focus mainly on the viruses identified in protozoan parasites that are of medical importance. Inspired and informed by the experience gained from the application of oncolytic virus- and phage-therapy, rationally-driven strategies to employ these viruses successfully against parasitic diseases will be presented and discussed in the light of the current knowledge of the virus biology and the complex interplay between the viruses, the parasite hosts and the human host. We also highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed to advance the potential of virotherapy against parasitic diseases.

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“…OV therapy frequently causes adverse events such as fever, fatigue, nausea, malaise, and increased liver function, which are associated with viral infections. Severe adverse events, including hypotension, tachycardia, cellulitis, dyspnea, and pleural effusion, have also been reported [ 27 ]. However, the lack of severe late-onset and permanent dysfunction observed as a sequela of surgery and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) suggests that OV therapy can be used in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

Hamada

Yura

2020

IJMS

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Head and neck cancer has been treated by a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made immunotherapy a new treatment method. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy selectively infects tumor cells with a low-pathogenic virus, lyses tumor cells by the cytopathic effects of the virus, and induces anti-tumor immunity to destroy tumors by the action of immune cells. In OV therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), are mainly used. As the combined use of mutant HSV-1 and ICI was successful for the treatment of melanoma, studies are underway to combine OV therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and other types of immunotherapy. In such therapy, it is important for the virus to selectively replicate in tumor cells, and to express the viral gene and the introduced foreign gene in the tumor cells. In OV therapy for HNSCC, it may be useful to combine systemic and local treatments that improve the delivery and replication of the inoculated oncolytic virus in the tumor cells.

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Delivery and Biosafety of Oncolytic Virotherapy

Cited by 94 publications

References 135 publications

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Viruses of protozoan parasites and viral therapy: Is the time now right?

Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

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