Delirium Secondary to Lamotrigine Toxicity

Abstract

Background: Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine medication that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy and as an adjunctive agent for the treatment of seizure disorder. It was later approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine is generally well tolerated by patients, but some serious symptoms can occur during treatment. These severe side effects include rashes and multi-organ failure. Lamotrigine has also been associated with the development of mental status changes, frequently when used concurrently with other medications that may impact the metabolism of lamotrigine. Objective: To present the case of a 65-year-old man being treated with lamotrigine and valproic acid who developed mental status changes after the addition of sertraline to his medication regimen, and to compare this case to existing cases reported in the literature. Discussion: Our case adds to the existing literature by demonstrating that patients may experience adverse medication effects despite lamotrigine levels that are normally considered to be in the therapeutic range, highlighting the importance of clinical correlation when obtaining medication levels. Conclusion: Clinicians should use caution interpreting lamotrigine levels when working up delirium, as normal levels may not rule out the development of lamotrigine toxicity.

Understanding Lamotrigine’s Role in the CNS and Possible Future Evolution

“…They may contribute to some of the psychotropic effects of LTG [ 57 ]. While lamotrigine can produce neurobehavioral toxicity in some individuals, it is generally well tolerated [ 58 ]. Several studies have also shown that lamotrigine has positive effects on psychological health that are unrelated to its effects on seizure frequency and intensity.…”

Lamotrigine Drug Interactions: Ignorance is Not Bliss

“… 9 , 12 In addition to severe cutaneous reactions, LMG can precipitate delirium, especially when used concomitantly with VPA. 13 – 16 …”