Delinquency, drug use, and gang membership in the English-speaking Caribbean

Katz, Charles M.; Cheon, Hyunjung; Freemon, Kayla R.; Nuño, Lidia E.

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106758

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Similarly, although fewer studies focused on behaviour/conduct problems and eating/body images issues, the presentations appeared to be extreme compared to other countries. For example, young people are more likely to engage in offending criminal behaviours [ 84 ] and extreme weight-control behaviours. [ 85 ] These are important findings that can be used to better understand the landscape of CYP’s mental health and wellbeing in the Caribbean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Objective Children and young people (CYP) from low-and-middle-income and developing countries are at risk of poor mental health and wellbeing. Yet these regions are generally under-resourced in terms of mental health services. As a first step to inform service planning and delivery in the English-speaking Caribbean we pooled the available evidence to estimate the prevalence of common mental health problems. Methods A comprehensive search of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by grey literature searches was performed until January 2022. Studies conducted in the English-speaking Caribbean that reported prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in CYP were included. The Freeman-Tukey transformation was applied to calculate the weighted summary prevalence under a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were also performed to observe emerging patterns in the data. Studies were quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist and the GRADE approach. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021283161. Results 33 publications from 28 studies representing 65,034 adolescents from 14 countries met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.8 to 71.9% with most subgroup estimates between 20 and 30%. The overall pooled prevalence of mental health problems was 23.5% (95% CI 0.175–0.302; I2 = 99.7%). There was limited evidence of significant variation in prevalence estimates among subgroups. The quality of the body of evidence was judged as moderate. Conclusion It is estimated that between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean experience symptoms of mental health problems. These findings highlight the importance of sensitisation, screening, and provision of appropriate services. Ongoing research identifying risk factors and validating outcome measures is also needed to inform evidence-based practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…The second approach sought to identify youths not attending school. Program staff prepared location maps for each targeted community and determined appropriate intervals, based on community size, to have enumerators knock on household doors to identify 10-to 17-year-olds in each community until the households were exhausted (Katz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Legal socialization, perceptions of the police, and delinquency in three Caribbean nations

Cheon¹

2023

ISJ

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Legal socialization is the process by which individuals obtain their attitudes and beliefs about formal social control mechanisms such as the police, including how these are formed through domains of social life. These attitudes and subsequent beliefs toward the police, whether positive or negative, have been found to impact individuals’ compliance with the law and cooperation with legal authorities. Despite research advancements on legal socialization, the theoretical hypotheses drawn from this perspective have not been tested in the Caribbean context, a high crime and violence setting where the police are often viewed as corrupt, untrustworthy, and ineffective. This study uses data from 4,293 youths to examine the effect of socializing agents (i.e., family, school, and peers) on youth perceptions of the police in three nations – Guyana, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Lucia – and whether these perceptions impact delinquency. We find that legal socialization domains and perceptions of the police are important factors that influence delinquency in the Caribbean. Implications are discussed in light of future research and policy.

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“…Surveyed youth had to have been detained for a minimum of one week to be eligible to participate. For more on the methodology for each survey, see Katz et al (2022). Institutional Review Board approval for the study was granted by Arizona State University (reference numbers #1301008686 for the CSYS and #00001483 for the CYDS).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth in the English-Speaking Caribbean

Freemon

Cheon

Katz

et al. 2022

International Criminal Justice Review

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Incarcerated youth across the English-speaking Caribbean engage in high levels of offending before their detention. However, we know little about whether youth detained in juvenile justice systems in the region are those with the highest offending levels. As in nations beyond the region, some groups of youth in the Caribbean may be disproportionately overrepresented in the system despite their offending levels, such as by race or gender. Using samples of secondary school students and incarcerated youth, the present study examines: (1) do incarcerated youth self-report engaging in more delinquency prior to being detained than those not incarcerated and (2) are there demographic or risk/protective factors differences between incarcerated and nonincarcerated youth? We find that, compared to nonincarcerated youth, incarcerated youth self-report higher levels of delinquency, in general, and across violent offending, property offending, and drug involvement. When we used propensity score matching to match youth by their involvement in delinquency, disparities in multiple demographic and risk/protective factors emerge between incarcerated and nonincarcerated youth. Our findings point toward racial disparities in the use of incarceration, with African descent youth more likely to be incarcerated. We contextualize our results for youth justice in the Caribbean.

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Delinquency, drug use, and gang membership in the English-speaking Caribbean

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

Legal socialization, perceptions of the police, and delinquency in three Caribbean nations

Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth in the English-Speaking Caribbean

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