Delinquency, Deviance, and Tolerance in a Slum in India: A Quantitative Model

Khan, Muhammad Zahoor; Unnithan, N. Prabha; Dassi, Archana

doi:10.1080/14786010701617664

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore, this allows scope for effective, non‐legal ways to deal with it, which emanates from the diverse socio‐cultural traditions and demographies of the Southern and Asian societies (Liu, 2009; Thakre & Jaishankar, 2018). This has been substantiated in our field experiences in India as well as empirical work linking social control and greater tolerance of, and resistance to, deviance in the Southern communities (Jang, 2002; Khan, Unnithan & Dassi, 2007; Newman, 2008; Wardak, 2019; Zaidi, Couture‐Carron & Maticka‐Tyndale, 2016). The criminal justice systems and JJSs in the Global South, however, are based on a Northern construction of crime which locates deviance within a legal framework and allows little scope for non‐legal ways of dealing with the so‐called deviants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Understanding deviance from the perspectives of youth labelled as children in conflict with law in Mumbai, India

Korde

Raghavan

2023

Howard J Crime Justice

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This article presents voices of youth labelled as ‘children in conflict with law’ on deviance, using the theoretical framework of labelling. Based on a narrative analysis of 24 in‐depth interviews with youth and other stakeholders in Mumbai, three key themes emerged: defining deviance; self and the deviant others – the othering of deviance; and living with a deviant identity. We found that the youth explained deviance as good or bad contextually, continuously interpreting its meanings, different from adult viewpoints. The youth engaged in identity management strategies to move away from the labels and stigma. The youth, labelled as rule‐breakers, balanced the power equations by ‘counter‐labelling’, where they hold the rule‐enforcers accountable for creating labels. The article locates the findings in Southern criminology and argues for the Indian juvenile justice system to acknowledge the local contexts of youth and their communities and address the larger pathways that lead to deviance and crime.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…33‘Slums’ are generally densely populated living spaces with inadequate housing and other facilities, and their residents are often migrants from diverse geographies and cultural backgrounds of India, with limited access to social, economic and political opportunities (Khan, Unnithan & Dassi, 2007, p.272).…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding deviance from the perspectives of youth labelled as children in conflict with law in Mumbai, India

Korde

Raghavan

2023

Howard J Crime Justice

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“…Children and young adults growing up in slums are often left to themselves to bear the burden of these deficits; the dire conditions of their existence increase the possibility of deviant behavior. This is further corroborated if parents are tolerant of such behavior (Khan et al, 2007). An increase in the number of individuals per square kilometer lowers the possibility of committing crimes for youth since it raises the probability of being reported.…”

Section: Determinants Of Juvenile Crimementioning

confidence: 81%

Determinants of juvenile crime: evidence from India

Hazra

2021

IJSE

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PurposeUsing data from 2009–2016 across 31 states and union territories, this paper investigates determinants of juvenile delinquency in India as well as explores the nature of the complex relationship between economic variables and crime rate.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a panel corrected standard error model due to the presence of heteroskedasticity and contemporaneous correlation. Additionally, due to possible feedback effect from independent variables resulting in endogeneity, a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to estimate a system of equations.FindingsEstimation results indicate that macroeconomic factors – GSDP per capita and adult unemployment rate – are significant in explaining the juvenile crime rate in India. Higher poverty rate and percentage of slums were found to increase juvenile crime. This paper also demonstrates the harmful effects that domestic violence has on juvenile delinquency. Finally, education has a deterring impact on crimes relating to juveniles but deterrence factors do not.Originality/valueWhile some implications are consistent with those found in previous studies of crime in developed and developing countries, the analysis in this paper also reveals unique results. For example, the adult unemployment rate was negatively correlated with juvenile crime, and an increase in police density exhibits a positive association with the juvenile crime rate. Further analysis of crimes by type (property and violent) reveals additional insights. In addition to that, contrary to hypothesis, by employing GMM estimation, the paper finds no evidence of a negative impact of juvenile delinquency on economic growth.

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“…Individuals thus expand their normative sensibilities rather than shut them down entirely. Indeed, many contemporary discussions of tolerance take on a normative, rather than a pluralistic, perspective by suggesting that tolerance should be thought of as a form of acceptance of nonconformity, not just an acceptance of diversity (Johnson, ; Khan, Unnithan, & Dassi, ). Here, tolerance produced via the mechanisms specified through subcultural theory applies equally to topics beyond demographic diversity such as deviance and crime since these activities are often attributed to subcultural unconventionality (see Sampson & Bartusch, ).…”

Section: Urbanism and Social Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance in the City: The Multilevel Effects of Urban Environments on Permissive Attitudes

Huggins

Debies-Carl

2015

Journal of Urban Affairs

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Studies on urbanism often suggest a link between urbanites and increased tolerance. While this claim is usually supported in the literature, most research is hampered by several limitations: it focuses almost exclusively on the United States, it neglects classical arguments that phenomena of urbanism are both macro-level and local, and it does not direct attention to the different mechanisms through which urbanism is believed to operate. In this article, the authors reexamine the toleranceproducing capacity of urbanism by addressing these limitations. Drawing on a large cross-national sample, this study uses multilevel modeling to examine urban factors at both the local and societal level, as well as two measures of tolerance to account for the different forms it might take depending on competing conceptualizations. Findings are that local urban environments promote tolerance crossnationally, and that societal level urbanization is significantly associated with tolerance, but the effect is not always positive. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these patterns and their impact on our understanding of urban tolerance.

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Delinquency, Deviance, and Tolerance in a Slum in India: A Quantitative Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Understanding deviance from the perspectives of youth labelled as children in conflict with law in Mumbai, India

Understanding deviance from the perspectives of youth labelled as children in conflict with law in Mumbai, India

Determinants of juvenile crime: evidence from India

Tolerance in the City: The Multilevel Effects of Urban Environments on Permissive Attitudes

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