Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts

Tracy, Paul E.; Wolfgang, Marvin E.; Figlio, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5

Cited by 325 publications

(189 citation statements)

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“…The study also found markedly lower rates of juvenile delinquency in P.R. than in longitudinal cohort studies conducted in Philadelphia (Wolfgang et al 1972;Tracy et al 1990) whose methods the P.R. study replicated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

Bauermeister

Shrout

Ramírez

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

126

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Patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and youth were examined in representative samples from the community and from treatment facilities serving medically indigent youth in Puerto Rico. Information from caretakers and youths was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, (version IV), measures of global impairment, and a battery of potential correlates. In the community (N=1,896) and the treated samples (N=763), 7.5 and 26.2% of the children, respectively, met criteria for DSM-IVADHD in the previous year. Although the prevalence rates and degree of impairment differed, the general patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment were similar in both populations. The exceptions were associated with conduct disorder, anxiety, impairment in the ADHD comorbid group, and age factors that appeared to be related to selection into treatment. Keywords ADHD; Correlates; Prevalence; Comorbidity; Hispanic/LatinoThe clinical research literature has consistently shown that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (American Psychiatric Association 1994) is a disabling disorder that affects individuals across the lifespan (Barkley et al. 1990;. However, it is not clear whether the patterns of correlates, comorbidity, and impairment of the disorder in treated samples are the same for persons identified with ADHD in probability community samples. Studying the differences in patterns is important because findings from treatment samples can be biased due to selection effects that Cohen and Cohen (1984) called, "the clinician's illusion." They argued that bias can arise because clinical studies tend to focus on persons with more chronic and severe manifestations of the disorder. Insofar as these selection effects are ignored when looking at patterns of correlates, comorbidity, and impairment, the estimates of the associations related to these patterns can be affected by statistical bias known as Berkson's bias (Angold et al. 1999;Berkson 1950). To estimate the extent of the bias, it is necessary to compare findings in treated samples and epidemiological samples, using similar study designs and measures.Treatment-referred samples are appropriate for studies that aim to generalize findings to children who receive services in clinics, and also for studies that provide initial descriptions of rare disorders when the concern is identification of potential risk factors, or when very little developmental epidemiological research has been done (Angold et al. 1999). However, when evaluating results from treated cases, researchers must keep in mind the likelihood that these cases have more symptomatology, are more impaired, and usually constitute a higher burden to caregivers than children not receiving services. Also, minority/ethnic groups and prepubertal girls may be underrepresented in clinical samples (Goodman et al. 1997). Epidemiological studies that obtain representative community samples are designed to provid...

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mentioning

confidence: 56%

ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

Bauermeister

Shrout

Ramírez

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

126

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“…In spite of the sampling differences, the Wolfgang et al prevalence data are somewhat in line with those reported by Cline (1980). Tracy, Wolfgang, and Figlio (1990) conducted a second birth cohort (1958) study in Philadelphia allowing for the examination of cohort/period effects. Hence, for youth born 13 years later than in the original study, the prevalence of being arrested for rape increased to 0.66% Only one empirical study has estimated the population of sex offenders in a given place and time using birth cohorts.…”

Section: The Criminal Career Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond sexual recidivism: A review of the sexual criminal career parameters of adult sex offenders

Lussier

Cale

2013

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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The current study claims that measures of sexual recidivism provide a distorted view of the criminal activity of adult sex offenders. To address this important limitation, the criminal career perspective is presented and key concepts are defined and described. The study also provides an up-to-date review of the scientific literature on various criminal career parameters of the sexual criminal activity of adult sex offenders. Hence, current empirical knowledge on the prevalence, age of onset, frequency, continuity, versatility, and desistance from sex offending is presented. The findings highlight the complexities of the sexual criminal career of adult sex offenders, and most importantly, its dynamic aspect, both of which are not captured by traditional measures of sexual recidivism. The review also underscores the importance of recognizing that sexual offending develops according to a series of stages, that, if not recognized, may lead to the underestimation of risk for some and over-estimation of risk for others. The review provides a framework to stimulate new areas of research as well as policy-development that is not limited to the identification of the "high-risk" convicted sex offenders.

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“…Annual counts of police contacts are available from ages 4 to 26 for this birth cohort. A detailed discussion of these data can be found in various places (e.g., Tracy et al 1990) and will not be repeated here.…”

Section: Population-based Conviction Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing availability of individual-level longitudinal data in criminology (e.g., Elliot 1985;Tracy et al 1990;Farrington and West 1993;Nieuwbeerta and Blokland 2003) has led to a larger number of empirical papers in recent years with individual ''criminal careers'' as the outcome of interest. Those articles address questions regarding patterns of criminal offending across the (full or partial) age range of the life course (e.g., Piquero and Buka 2002;Laub and Sampson 2003), the existence of typical offender trajectories (e.g., Nagin et al 1995;D'Unger et al 1998), possible correlates of or explanations for different offender trajectories (e.g., Blokland et al 2005), and the prediction of future offending from juvenile offender trajectories in combination with certain covariates (Piquero and Buka 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Criminal Trajectory Profiles: Bridging Multilevel and Group-based Approaches Using Growth Mixture Modeling

2007

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Over the last 25 years, a life-course perspective on criminal behavior has assumed increasing prominence in the literature. This theoretical development has been accompanied by changes in the statistical models used to analyze criminological data. There are two main statistical modeling techniques currently used to model longitudinal data. These are growth curve models and latent class growth models, also known as groupbased trajectory models. Using the well known Cambridge data and the Philadelphia cohort study, this article compares the two ''classical'' models-conventional growth curve model and group-based trajectory models. In addition, two growth mixture models are introduced that bridge the gap between conventional growth models and group-based trajectory models. For the Cambridge data, the different mixture models yield quite consistent inferences regarding the nature of the underlying trajectories of convictions. For the Philadelphia cohort study, the statistical indicators give stronger guidance on relative model fit. The main goals of this article are to contribute to the discussion about different modeling techniques for analyzing data from a life-course perspective and to provide a concrete step-by-step illustration of such an analysis and model checking.

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Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts

Cited by 325 publications

References 0 publications

ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

Beyond sexual recidivism: A review of the sexual criminal career parameters of adult sex offenders

Analyzing Criminal Trajectory Profiles: Bridging Multilevel and Group-based Approaches Using Growth Mixture Modeling

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