Delineation of highland saline groundwater sources in Ba'kelalan region of NE Borneo to improve the salt-making production using geochemical and geophysical approaches

Ongetta, Stephan; Prasanna, Mohan Viswanathan; Chidambaram, S.; Nagarajan, R.; Kuek, Clem

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135721

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…10 ) indicating that meteoritic water was the main source of the water in the estuary, whereas NEM samples were significantly deviated from LMWL and GMWL clearly indicating an evaporation trend. However, both the regression lines intersect LWML and GMWL at an approximate common point indicating a particular location might be the source of the precipitation during both seasons (Ongetta et al 2022 ). The intersection suggests that precipitation near Limbang city, Sarawak, is the main source of water in the estuary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo

Gantayat

Prasanna

Nagarajan

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A comprehensive geochemical study was conducted in the Sibuti River estuary by considering water, suspended solids (SS), and sediment samples from 36 stations during southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). In this study, the distribution of in situ parameters, major ions, nutrients, trace metals, and isotopes (δD, δ18O) were analyzed in water samples, whereas sediments and SS were studied for trace metals. The distribution revealed that suspended solids were the major carrier of Cd, Zn, and Mn, whereas sediments worked as a major source of Co, Cr, Ba, Se, Cu, and Pb. Na-Cl water type and ion exchange dominated the lower part of the estuary during both seasons. However, the mixed mechanism of Ca–Cl, Ca–Mg–Cl, and higher weathering indicated reverse ion exchange in the intermediate and upper parts of the estuary. Isotopic signatures of δD and δ18O in estuarine water indicate that the precipitation over the Limbang area dominates during SWM, whereas higher evaporation was confirmed during NEM. The factor analysis revealed that seawater influence in the estuary majority controlled the water chemistry irrespective of seasons. Major ions were mainly regulated by the tidal influence during the low flow time of the river (SWM), whereas the mixing mechanism of weathering and seawater controlled the concentrations during NEM. Nutrients such as NO3, SO42−, NH3, and NH4+ mainly originated from the agricultural fields and nitrification along with ammonification were responsible for the recycling of such nutrients. Trace metals except Cd were found to be geogenic in nature and originating mainly from the oxidation of pyrites present in the sandstone and mudstones of the Sibuti Formation. Redox condition was catalyzed by microorganisms near the river mouth, whereas Al-oxyhydroxides and Fe-oxyhydroxides complexes in the intermediate and upper part under oxygenated conditions controlled the absorption of metals. Overall, the estuary was found to be absorptive in nature due to ideal pH conditions and was confirmed by the saturation index (SI) of minerals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo

Gantayat

Prasanna

Nagarajan

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…These factors had a definite impact on the major ions existing in the water. From this, it suggests that the dissolution of rock through which the water is circulating is the major source of mineral components in the water (Ravikumar and Somashekar 2012 ; Stephan et al 2022 ). Besides that, few samples have fallen either within the evaporation or precipitation zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Nyambar

Prasanna

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The main purpose of this study is to assess the urban lake water quality along the coastal region of Miri City, Sarawak, East Malaysia. This study concentrates on the hydrochemical characteristics and the mechanisms controlling the suitability of the lakes for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes. A total of 15 lake water samples were collected and analysed for physical parameters, major ions, nutrients, BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The results show that Lakes 6, 7, and 8 commonly exceeded the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) limits, particularly in physical parameters and major ions. The cation dominance was Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Ca2+, while the anion dominance was Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−. It is inferred that lake 8 was affected by the seawater intrusion through the inlet flow, resulting in an excess concentration of ions present in that lake. The concentrations of heavy metals in these lakes were considerably low, indicating that most of them were from the geogenic source. Most of the lakes were NaCl water type and the main controlling mechanism were weathering and ionic exchange processes, with anthropogenic impacts. Based on the calculated Water Quality Index (WQI) according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS), all lakes were suitable for irrigation use (class IV), while most of these lakes fell under the “polluted” index. Apart from that, based on the National Lake Water Quality Standards (NLWQS), all lakes were classified under category D, indicating that the lakes must be kept in good condition. According to the irrigation quality indices, lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the most suitable for irrigation purposes. As for metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI), lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 15 were considered safe with low pollution status. From the multivariate statistical analysis, it is deduced that both anthropogenic and geogenic impacts mostly influenced the quality of these lake waters. The outcome of this study will help the policymakers under the national water department in sustainable management of water resources in this region.

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Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Assessment in Labuan Island, Malaysia

Majeed

Prasanna

2023

Environmental Earth Sciences

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Delineation of highland saline groundwater sources in Ba'kelalan region of NE Borneo to improve the salt-making production using geochemical and geophysical approaches

Cited by 6 publications

References 132 publications

Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo

Spatial and temporal variations of geochemical processes and toxicity of water, sediments, and suspended solids in Sibuti River Estuary, NW Borneo

Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Assessment in Labuan Island, Malaysia

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