Delineating functional segregations of the human middle temporal gyrus with resting‐state functional connectivity and coactivation patterns

Abstract

Although the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) has been parcellated into subregions with distinguished anatomical connectivity patterns, whether the structural topography of MTG can inform functional segregations of this area remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that the brain's underlying organization and function can be directly and effectively delineated with resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) by identifying putative functional boundaries between cortical areas. Here, RSFC profiles were used to explore functional segregations of the MTG and defined four subregions from anterior to posterior in two independent datasets, which showed a similar pattern with MTG parcellation scheme obtained using anatomical connectivity. The functional segregations of MTG were further supported by whole brain RSFC, coactivation, and specific RFSC, and coactivation mapping. Furthermore, the fingerprint with predefined 10 networks and functional characterizations of each subregion using meta‐analysis also identified functional distinction between subregions. The specific connectivity analysis and functional characterization indicated that the bilateral most anterior subregions mainly participated in social cognition and semantic processing; the ventral middle subregions were involved in social cognition in left hemisphere and auditory processing in right hemisphere; the bilateral ventro‐posterior subregions participated in action observation, whereas the left subregion was also involved in semantic processing; both of the dorsal subregions in superior temporal sulcus were involved in language, social cognition, and auditory processing. Taken together, our findings demonstrated MTG sharing similar structural and functional topographies and provide more detailed information about the functional organization of the MTG, which may facilitate future clinical and cognitive research on this area.

Static and Dynamic Changes of Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Cervical Discogenic Pain

“…Moreover, we found decreased static ALFF in left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and decreased dynamic ALFF in right posterior MTG in CDP patients. The posterior MTG has been reported to be involved in social cognitive and language processing ( Xu et al, 2015 , 2019a ). The disrupted functional connectivity pattern of the posterior MTG is closely associated the autism spectrum disorder ( Xu et al, 2019b ).…”

“…Resting-state fMRI is commonly used to measure the spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations of brain activities with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals ( Biswal et al, 1995 ; Fox and Raichle, 2007 ). A large number of previous studies applied resting-state fMRI to reveal the intrinsic functional organization of brain in healthy subjects and to identify the changes of the intrinsic functional connectivities under diseases ( Greicius et al, 2003 ; Fox et al, 2006 ; Wang et al, 2015 , 2017d ; Sun et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2019a ; Gao et al, 2020 ). Moreover, many recent studies have applied resting-state fMRI to reveal the brain mechanism of neuromodulation treatment for clinical disorders ( Peng et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2017b , c , d , 2020 ; Wang J. et al, 2018 ; Bai et al, 2018 , 2019 ).…”

Right inferior frontal gyrus: An integrative hub in tonal bilinguals

“…Methodological issues may also limit our understanding of neural mechanism underlying lexical tone perception observed in native speakers of tonal languages. For instance, the dominant experimental design of event‐related fMRI might outperform the approach of resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) in capturing the real‐time neural activity in response to language stimuli, but barely reveals the intrinsic functional coupling of the language network when participants are idle (Pliatsikas & Luk, ; Van Dijk et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wang et al, ; Xu et al, ; Xu et al, ). Nemerous rs‐fMRI studies reveal that the intrinsic state of bilinguals could be altered by their linguistic experience (Berken, Chai, Chen, Gracco, & Klein, ; Gullifer et al, ; Kousaie, Chai, Sander, & Klein, ; Li et al, ).…”

Functional Segregation of the Middle Temporal Visual Motion Area Revealed With Coactivation-Based Parcellation

“…More and more studies have demonstrated that the brain functions were determined by its different connectivity patterns with other brain areas (Wang et al, 2012(Wang et al, , 2015aXu et al, 2015Xu et al, , 2019a. Using anatomical and resting-state functional connectivity-based parcellation approach, many brain areas have been subdivided into different functional subregions (Wang et al, 2015b(Wang et al, , 2016Xu et al, 2019b).…”