Delineating and preventing plastic waste leakage in the marine and terrestrial environment

Hahladakis, John Ν.

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08139-y

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Most common plastic materials, such as poly(ethylene) (PE), poly(styrene) (PS), poly(propylene) (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are totally derived from fossil raw material and are not biodegradable [1]. The accumulation of such materials, at their end-of-life, in the environment, as well as their incineration producing CO 2 and dioxins, negatively affect the ecosystems, resulting in an increase of both environmental pollution and global warming [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Degradation of the Most Common Aliphatic Bio-Polyesters and Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved: An Extended Study

et al. 2022

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Commercial hydrolytic enzymes belonging to different subclasses (several lipases, proteinase k, cutinase) were investigated for their ability to degrade different aliphatic polyesters, i.e., poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), two poly(caprolactone), having two different molecular weights, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). The enzyme screening was first carried out by investigating the capacity of fully degrading the target polymers in 24 h, then weight loss measurements of selected polyesters and target enzymes were performed. Solid residues after enzyme degradation were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Liquid fractions were studied via GPC, 1H NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PCL and PBSA were found to be the most biodegradable polyesters, under the conditions used in this study. PBS was fully degraded only by cutinase, whereas none of the tested enzymes were able to completely degrade PLA and PPC, in the conditions assessed here. Cutinase exhibited the highest hydrolytic activity on PBSA, while lipase from Candida sp. (CALB) on low molecular weight PCL. Chemical analyses on residual solids showed that the enzymatic degradation occurred homogeneously from the surface through an erosion mechanism and did not significantly affect the macromolecular structure and thermal stability. Cleaving action mode for each enzyme (endo- and/or exo-type) on the different polyesters were also proposed based on the evaluation of the degradation products in the liquid fraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Degradation of the Most Common Aliphatic Bio-Polyesters and Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved: An Extended Study

et al. 2022

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“…Approximately 10% of the plastic feedstock was composed of recycled plastic (either mechanical or chemical). The mass of plastic recycled was comparable to that which was improperly disposed that is critical to the management of ocean plastics . About twice as much plastic was incinerated than was actually recycled.…”

Section: Plastic Waste Streamsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The mass of plastic recycled was comparable to that which was improperly disposed that is critical to the management of ocean plastics. 39 About twice as much plastic was incinerated than was actually recycled. Essentially all of the nondurable plastic produced ended up as plastic waste, while the waste stream of durable goods was significantly smaller than the mass of durable goods produced due to their extended lifetimes and growing plastic production.…”

Section: Plastic Waste Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is Recycling of Postconsumer Plastics so Challenging?

Vogt

Stokes²,

Kumar

2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

165

122

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The ubiquitous use of plastics has been driven by their combination of low cost and properties, but these attributes directly challenge waste management schemes for plastic recycling. Some postconsumer recycling programs are now nearly 50 years old, but a significant fraction of plastics still finds landfills or other dumping strategies at their end of life. With the growing concern regarding plastic waste, especially ocean plastics, there is a need for innovation and alternative strategies for the economic translation of plastic waste to valued product(s) that will promote their efficient circular utilization. This review first describes the technical and economic hurdles associated with the recycling of postconsumer plastics, but then it focuses on providing an overview of emergent strategies to recover plastic waste through new polymer design, new recycling processes, and chemical transformations to value-added products. Specific challenges discussed include plastic waste sorting and separations, product variability including additives, and the high efficiency/low cost in which the existing petrochemical industry can produce virgin polymers, in particular polyolefins. Although a wide variety of technical strategies have been demonstrated for recycling of plastics through both mechanical and chemical means, the commercial success of these different strategies is generally limited by either performance, including large variance in key metrics, or economics where the products can match the performance of virgin materials but the recycling process is expensive. Successful capture of postconsumer plastic waste through recycling likely will depend on economic incentives and government regulations.

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“…But also countries with highly developed waste management industries and intricate collection schemes contribute to the formation of litter and plastic soup [3]. Although the latter share might be limited, any plastic product that ends up in nature will degrade over time in billions of particles with unknown environmental impacts [60]. This has led to growing concerns with mostly scientists, NGO's and governments.…”

Section: Littering Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusable packaging in Europe : Between facts and fiction – an informed opinion for Metal Packaging Europe

Velzen¹,

Brouwer²

2022

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The client is entitled to disclose this report in full and make it available to third parties for review. Without prior written consent from Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, it is not permitted to: a. partially publish this report created by Wageningen Food & Biobased Research or partially disclose it in any other way; b. use this report for the purposes of making claims, conducting legal procedures, for (negative) publicity, and for recruitment in a more general sense; c. use the name of Wageningen Food & Biobased Research in a different sense than as the author of this report.

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Delineating and preventing plastic waste leakage in the marine and terrestrial environment

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

Enzymatic Degradation of the Most Common Aliphatic Bio-Polyesters and Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved: An Extended Study

Enzymatic Degradation of the Most Common Aliphatic Bio-Polyesters and Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved: An Extended Study

Why is Recycling of Postconsumer Plastics so Challenging?

Reusable packaging in Europe : Between facts and fiction – an informed opinion for Metal Packaging Europe

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