Delincuencia violenta, abuso y no consumo de drogas en adolescentes con riesgo de reincidencia

Abstract

Presentamos un estudio original sobre consumo/abstinencia de drogas en adolescentes y su asociación con el riesgo de reincidencia violenta. A una muestra de 192 sujetos se le aplicó el cuestionario SAVRY ¾Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth¾, con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre el riesgo de reincidencia en delitos violentos y el consumo y abstinencia de drogas. Los resultados mostraron que: el no consumo se asocia al riesgo de reincidencia en delitos violentos intrafamiliares (violencia filioparental de hijos hacia padres), el consumo de cocaína a robo con violencia e intimidación, y el policonsumo de drogas (alcohol, cannabis y cocaína) al riesgo de reincidencia en diferentes delitos, siendo común el ataque contra las personas. Las conclusiones exponen la importancia de la comunicación intrafamiliar y los programas comunitarios de prevención para fortalecer la socialización positiva y desarrollar factores de protección que eviten conductas inadaptadas y delitos violentos.

Profiles of Maladjustment and Interpersonal Risk Factors in Adolescents

“…Many adolescents consume substances because they feel more adapted to the group, and if the group uses, the risk factor increases which may be associated with a greater perception of access to drugs (Alfonso et al, 2009;Pérez-Fuentes et al, 2015;Rueda Aguilar, 2020;Méndez et al, 2021). High values were also reached in family factors, such as the family risk of drug use; low family education on drugs; and therefore, a lack of norms concerning drug use, a permissive educational style, a lack of protective activities in the family, and family relationships (Pérez-Fuentes et al, 2015;Calero-Plaza et al, 2020;Moreno et al, 2020;Momeñe et al, 2021). In addition, the maladjusted group obtained higher scores in a higher level of global vulnerability to drug use (Alfonso et al, 2009;.…”

“…This may indicate that the at-risk group was at risk of a possible imbalance and that the perception of the student being able to access drugs if they wanted was high (Alfonso et al, 2009). In the same way, the family can pose a risk for consumption due to risky or conflictive situations, drug use in the family environment, or low family education about the risks of drugs (Pérez-Fuentes et al, 2015;Kuntsche and Kuntsche, 2016;Calero-Plaza et al, 2020;Moreno et al, 2020). Therefore, these results are indicators that this requires action so that the moderate values do not suppose a situation of greater risk and that the student can have maladjusted behaviors and therefore put their health at risk (Cerezo et al, 2013;Molero et al, 2020).…”

“…There are multiple predictive factors of family maladjustment, including situations of family conflict (hostility, climate of conflict), a negative family climate (stress, negativity, rejection), overprotection and a lack of adequate communication, family relationship quality, and overburdening of families (Pérez de Albéniz-Garrote et al, 2018;Rueda Aguilar, 2020). Moreover, impulsivity, a lack of control (Espinosa and León, 2017), permissive, authoritarian, ambiguous, or inconsistent parenting styles that employ in-process responses to situations of disobedience, a lack of intrafamily communication (Bonnaire and Phan, 2017;Moreno et al, 2020), environments with few rules, and insufficient monitoring by an adult figure (Calero-Plaza et al, 2020) favor adolescent maladjustment in the family context. These factors cause young people who do not know how to manifest problems to react to violence or criminal behavior (Ruiz-Hernández et al, 2019) such as substance use (Rial et al, 2019).…”

“…In fact, drug use in the group environment is recurrent in adolescents, as they seek to feel socially adapted and link to the peer group (Rueda Aguilar, 2020). From this perspective, social maladaptation is characterized by antisocial behaviors, social mismatch, patterns of criminal behavior (Galinari et al, 2020;Méndez et al, 2021), contexts with few social norms, and even violent norms (Calero-Plaza et al, 2020). To prevent social maladaptation, it is important to enhance influential factors, such as those of the community or neighborhood and those of the surrounding environment (Cutrín et al, 2019;Méndez et al, 2021), and know how to identify group values and attitudes (Rueda Aguilar, 2020).…”

“…Another of the concepts to be highlighted is that of school adaptation, understood as educational achievement (Mortimer et al, 2017) or success in the realization of academic, intellectual, and social factors tasks in school (Rodríguez-Fernández et al, 2016). With respect to school adaptation, factors that can propel maladjustment include poor academic performance, environmental factors such as little social support (Moreira et al, 2018), poor qualifications, a lack of academic self-efficacy, responsibility or commitment to school (Pelegrín and Garcés de Los Fayos, 2009), the influence of classmates (Mikami et al, 2017), poor teaching and family support , being a repeater (Méndez and Cerezo, 2018), and violence (Calero-Plaza et al, 2020;Méndez et al, 2021). A diversity of interconnected variables is evidenced that influence social adaptation (Terrón and Hurtado, 2020) and affect one another.…”