“…Scientific research devoted to territorial cooperation planning (Braunerhielm, Olsson & Medeiros, 2019; Durand & Decoville, 2018; Kurowska‐Pysz, Castanho & Loures, 2018) highlights the important issue of identifying the geographical boundaries of cross‐border cooperation areas. A number of factors are taken into account in the delimitation process, including historical, spatial, demographic, cultural, data, institutional, economic, infrastructural and environmental factors (Medeiros, 2019). In practice, however, the conditions for cross‐border cooperation at the EU’s external borders are so diverse that proposing a universal model of delimitation becomes impossible and requires an individual approach, adapted to the specificity of a given borderland (Studzieniecki, 2016).…”