Delignification of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Effect on Subsequent Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Park, Junyeong; Shin, Heenae; Yoo, S. D.; Zoppe, Justin Orazio; Park, Sunkyu

doi:10.15376/biores.10.2.2732-2743

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…All lignocellulosic substrates were delignified with sodium chlorite before enzymatic hydrolysis [ 68 ]. Enzyme preparations used in the saccharification assay were crude enzyme cocktail from S. commune and a cellulase cocktail from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (C9748, Sigma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the secretomes of Schizophyllum commune and other wood-decay basidiomycetes during solid-state fermentation reveals its unique lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system

Zhu

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe genome of Schizophyllum commune encodes a diverse repertoire of degradative enzymes for plant cell wall breakdown. Recent comparative genomics study suggests that this wood decayer likely has a mode of biodegradation distinct from the well-established white-rot/brown-rot models. However, much about the extracellular enzyme system secreted by S. commune during lignocellulose deconstruction remains unknown and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, extracellular proteins of S. commune colonizing Jerusalem artichoke stalk were analyzed and compared with those of two white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and a brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum.ResultsUnder solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions, S. commune displayed considerably higher levels of hydrolytic enzyme activities in comparison with those of P. chrysosporium, C. subvermispora and G. trabeum. During biodegradation process, this fungus modified the lignin polymer in a way which was consistent with a hydroxyl radical attack, similar to that of G. trabeum. The crude enzyme cocktail derived from S. commune demonstrated superior performance over a commercial enzyme preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass at low enzyme loadings. Secretomic analysis revealed that compared with three other fungi, this species produced a higher diversity of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, especially hemicellulases and pectinases acting on polysaccharide backbones and side chains, and a larger set of enzymes potentially supporting the generation of hydroxyl radicals. In addition, multiple non-hydrolytic proteins implicated in enhancing polysaccharide accessibility were identified in the S. commune secretome, including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and expansin-like proteins.ConclusionsPlant lignocellulose degradation by S. commune involves a hydroxyl radical-mediated mechanism for lignocellulose modification in parallel with the synergistic system of various polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, the complex enzyme system of S. commune holds significant potential for application in biomass saccharification. These discoveries will help unveil the diversity of natural lignocellulose-degrading mechanisms, and advance the design of more efficient enzyme mixtures for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic feedstocks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0461-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the secretomes of Schizophyllum commune and other wood-decay basidiomycetes during solid-state fermentation reveals its unique lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system

Zhu

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Corn stover was delignified with sodium chlorite before enzymatic hydrolysis according to the procedure in the Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada (PAPTAC) Useful methods G10.U [ 27 ]. Enzyme preparations used in the hydrolysis assay consisted of recombinant xylanase from Schizophyllum commune (Additional file 1 : Figure S1) and cellulase cocktails from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (C9748, Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bifunctional acetyl xylan esterase/arabinofuranosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum P33 enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2017

Microb Cell Fact

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BackgroundXylan, the major constituent of hemicellulose, is composed of β-(1,4)-linked xylopyranosyl units that for the backbone, with side chains formed by other chemical moieties such as arabinose, galactose, mannose, ferulic acid and acetyl groups. Acetyl xylan esterases and α-l-arabinofuranosidases are two important accessory enzymes that remove side chain residues from xylan backbones and may act in synergy with other xylanolytic enzymes. Compared with enzymes possessing a single catalytic activity, multifunctional enzymes can achieve lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis using a less complex mixture of enzymes.ResultsHere, we cloned an acetyl xylan esterase (PcAxe) from Penicillium chrysogenum P33 and expressed it in Pichia pastoris GS115. The optimal pH and temperature of the recombinant PcAxe (rPcAxe) for 4-nitrophenyl acetate were 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. rPcAxe is stable across a broad pH range, retaining 100% enzyme activity om pH 6–9 after a 1 h incubation. The enzyme tolerates the presence of a wide range of metal ions. Sequence alignment revealed a GH62 domain exhibiting α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity with pH and temperature optima of pH 7.0 and 50 °C, in addition to the expected esterase domain. rPcAxe displayed significant synergy with a recombinant xylanase, with a degree of synergy of 1.35 for the hydrolysis of delignified corn stover. Release of glucose was increased by 51% from delignified corn stover when 2 mg of a commercial cellulase was replaced by an equivalent amount of rPcAxe, indicating superior hydrolytic efficiency.ConclusionsThe novel bifunctional enzyme PcAxe was identified in P. chrysogenum P33. rPcAxe includes a carbohydrate esterase domain and a glycosyl hydrolase family 62 domain. This is the first detailed report on a novel bifunctional enzyme possessing acetyl xylan esterase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase activities. These findings expand our current knowledge of glycoside hydrolases and pave the way for the discovery of similar novel enzymes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0777-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The most common chemicals used in bleaching process are hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and sodium chlorite. Sodium chlorite is the most effective for bleaching without reducing total carbohydrate [15]. Acidified sodium chlorite has been reported to cleave the phenolic ether bonds in plant cell walls at high temperatures [16].…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidified sodium chlorite has been reported to cleave the phenolic ether bonds in plant cell walls at high temperatures [16]. The bleaching treatment also removed remaining hemicelluloses by oxidation reactions that cleaved the glycosidic linkages of the residues [15]. …”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose From Agricultural Residue - Oil Palm Fronds

Rasli

Ahmad²,

Lazim³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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Cellulose from oil palm fronds (OPF) was extracted using a cost-effective method combining physical treatment (high pressure steaming) and repeated chemical treatments (alkali and bleaching). Alkali and bleaching treatments were performed using low concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite, respectively. High levels of cellulose were successfully extracted, with 4 grams of cellulose for every 10 grams of raw oil palm fronds. The morphology of the cellulose was investigated using variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) were used for structural analysis. The extracted cellulose was found to have smaller diameter (8 -10 µm) and smoother surface compared to the untreated fibres. The results from FTIR, XRD and TGA indicate that the hemicelluloses and lignin were extensively removed from the isolated cellulose. Alkali treatment helped in removal of hemicelluloses, while bleaching assisted in delignification. The extracted cellulose showed high crystalline index of 68.75% and degradation temperature of 350 o C resulted from removal of lignin and hemicelluloses via alkali and bleaching treatments.Keywords: Elaeis guineensis, high pressure steaming, alkali treatment, bleaching treatment, cellulose Abstrak Selulosa telah diekstrak daripada pelepah kelapa sawit dengan menggunakan kaedah yang menjimatkan kos iaitu gabungan kaedah fizikal (pemanasan pada tekanan tinggi) dan rawatan kimia (alkali dan pelunturan). Rawatan alkali dilakukan dengan menggunakan sodium hidroksida manakala rawatan pelunturan pula dilakukan dengan menggunakan sodium klorit. Kedua-dua bahan kimia tersebut digunakan pada kepekatan yang rendah. Sebanyak 4 gram selulosa berjaya diekstrak daripada setiap 10 gram pelepah kelapa sawit. Morfologi selulosa yang diekstrak telah dikaji dengan menggunakan mikroskopi elektron pengimbas tekanan berubah-ubah (VPSEM). Manakala spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), analisis belauan sinar-X (XRD) dan analisis termogravimetri (TGA) telah digunakan bagi tujuan menganalisis struktur selulosa. Selulosa yang diekstrak mempunyai diameter yang lebih kecil (8 -10 µm) dan permukaan yang lebih licin berbanding gentian yang tidak dirawat. Hasil daripada FTIR, XRD dan TGA menunjukkan bahawa hemiselulosa dan lignin telah dibuang dalam jumlah yang tinggi selepas rawatan-rawatan tersebut dijalankan. Rawatan alkali membantu membuang hemiselulosa manakala rawatan pelunturan pula membantu membuang lignin daripada sampel. Selulosa yang diekstrak mempunyai tahap kristal yang tinggi iaitu 68.75% dan suhu degradasi yang tinggi iaitu 350 o C berikutan daripada pembuangan hemiselulosa dan lignin selepas rawatan alkali dan pelunturan dilakukan.Kata kunci: Elaeis guineensis, pemanasan pada tekanan tinggi, rawatan alkali, rawatan pelunturan, selulosa

show abstract

Delignification of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Effect on Subsequent Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative analysis of the secretomes of Schizophyllum commune and other wood-decay basidiomycetes during solid-state fermentation reveals its unique lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system

Comparative analysis of the secretomes of Schizophyllum commune and other wood-decay basidiomycetes during solid-state fermentation reveals its unique lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system

A novel bifunctional acetyl xylan esterase/arabinofuranosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum P33 enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose From Agricultural Residue - Oil Palm Fronds

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