“…Based on previous research (Ma 'ruf et al 2017), the content of lignin was 18.8%, and the percentage of lignin removed was 81.0%. This result is higher than that obtained by Minmunin et al (2018) in the delignification process of bana grass using sodium hydroxide and ozone, which only reached 63.4%. Meanwhile, Jung et al (2018) in the delignification process of switchgrass using microbial delignification process achieved 84.3%.…”
Section: Characteristics Of Rice Husk Cellulosecontrasting
confidence: 66%
“…Because rice husk also contains silica, the delignification process also removes the silica content in rice husk (Ma'ruf et al 2017). There are several delignification methods, such as acid delignification, alkali delignification, physical delignification, organic solvent delignification, and microbial delignification (Park et al 2015;Jung et al 2018;Minmunin et al 2018;Gunam et al 2020;Yu et al 2022). In this research, the delignification process was done with alkali at high temperatures using an autoclave.…”
Cellulose acetate is an important product derived from cellulose. Cellulose acetate can be used in a variety of applications including coatings, textile fibers, consumer goods, filtration membranes, composites, laminates, pharmaceutical, and medical items. Rice husk is a lignocellulosic material that contains cellulose and hemicellulose. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of process variables on the cellulose acetate product formation by ultrasound-assisted acetylation using iodine as a catalyst and to characterize the cellulose acetate product. The research was conducted through the delignification, bleaching, acetylation, and characterization processes. The results showed that the optimum yield of cellulose acetate was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 50 min, the weight of the catalyst of 10% of cellulose weight, and the ratio of cellulose and acetic anhydride of 1:5 (w/v). The acetylation process using iodine as a catalyst with an ultrasound-assisted method was more effective than the conventional acetylation (acetic acid glacial and sulfuric acid as a catalyst).
“…Based on previous research (Ma 'ruf et al 2017), the content of lignin was 18.8%, and the percentage of lignin removed was 81.0%. This result is higher than that obtained by Minmunin et al (2018) in the delignification process of bana grass using sodium hydroxide and ozone, which only reached 63.4%. Meanwhile, Jung et al (2018) in the delignification process of switchgrass using microbial delignification process achieved 84.3%.…”
Section: Characteristics Of Rice Husk Cellulosecontrasting
confidence: 66%
“…Because rice husk also contains silica, the delignification process also removes the silica content in rice husk (Ma'ruf et al 2017). There are several delignification methods, such as acid delignification, alkali delignification, physical delignification, organic solvent delignification, and microbial delignification (Park et al 2015;Jung et al 2018;Minmunin et al 2018;Gunam et al 2020;Yu et al 2022). In this research, the delignification process was done with alkali at high temperatures using an autoclave.…”
Cellulose acetate is an important product derived from cellulose. Cellulose acetate can be used in a variety of applications including coatings, textile fibers, consumer goods, filtration membranes, composites, laminates, pharmaceutical, and medical items. Rice husk is a lignocellulosic material that contains cellulose and hemicellulose. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of process variables on the cellulose acetate product formation by ultrasound-assisted acetylation using iodine as a catalyst and to characterize the cellulose acetate product. The research was conducted through the delignification, bleaching, acetylation, and characterization processes. The results showed that the optimum yield of cellulose acetate was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 50 min, the weight of the catalyst of 10% of cellulose weight, and the ratio of cellulose and acetic anhydride of 1:5 (w/v). The acetylation process using iodine as a catalyst with an ultrasound-assisted method was more effective than the conventional acetylation (acetic acid glacial and sulfuric acid as a catalyst).
“…1). 25 A study done by Minmunin et al 26 reported that NaOH has a better ability to disrupt the biomass cell wall and is capable of eliminating 63.4% of lignin from bana grass.…”
Section: Results and Discussion Delignificationmentioning
Cellulose is becoming a super-material due to its excellent properties and renewability. Understanding its resistance to chemical treatments is important to boost the usage and accessibility. In this study, oil palm trunk fibre (OPTF) was pretreated with NaOH and NH 4 OH either in an autoclave or in a water bath. The optimised alkaline pretreated samples were then subjected to acid treatment with acetic acid (AA). The results showed the highest delignification was achieved by using 12% of NaOH via the autoclaving process, with 10685.4 mg/L of lignin and 7.8% of acid insoluble lignin (AIL). The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the removal of lignin by the reduction of the peaks at 1250 and 1750 cm-1 , representing C=O and CO -C, respectively, from lignin. The delignification was pronounced when concentrated AA was used and the lignin-to-cellulose ratio decreased to about 52%. Other than lignin, amorphous celluloses were also removed during the AA treatment, causing an increment in the crystallinity index (CrI) and crystallite size (L). Consequently, the AA treatment had led to the depolymerisation of crystalline cellulose and affected the viscosity-average molecular weight (M η).
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