Deliberations and Evaluations of the Approaches, Endpoints and Paradigms for Manganese and Molybdenum Dietary Recommendations

Freeland‐Graves, Jeanne H.; Turnlund, Judith R.

doi:10.1093/jn/126.suppl_9.2435s

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Alkaline phosphatase cofactor; antioxidant and superoxide dismutase (SOD) cofactor (730,731) ; skeletal growth and maturation, and bone metabolism (732) ; chemical inactivator (46) ; formation of active carcinogenic compounds (93) ; Zn-binding compounds and cancer cell death (733) ; oesophagus cancer (734) ; Zn sensing receptor and cell signalling (735) ; immune functions (736) ; inflammatory diseases and cell signalling mechanisms (737) ; type 2 diabetes (738) ; food intake (739) Mn (569,700) : Antioxidant (740) ; metalloenzyme constituent and enzyme activation (569) ; bone health (732,741) ; manganese-SOD, NFkB activation and carcinogenic process (742) ; manganese-SOD and tumour growth (743) Cu (204,700) : Antioxidant (744) ; Cu-containing/binding proteins (569) ; bone health (732,745) ; central nervous system dysfunction (700) ; immune and cardiac dysfunctions (700,746,747) ; heart health (748,749) ; anti-cancer effect and DNA binding (750) ; risk of CHD (751,752) Se (204) :…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

2010

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Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as a-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed. Whole-grain wheat: Bioactive compounds: Physiological mechanisms: Health IntroductionThere is growing evidence that whole-grain cereal products protect against the development of chronic diseases. The most important of these in terms of public health are obesity (1,2) , the metabolic syndrome (3,4) , type 2 diabetes (5,6) , CVD (7) and cancers (8 -12) . Whole-grain cereal consumption has also been shown to be protective against mortality, as was shown with inflammation-related death (i.e. noncardiovascular and non-cancer inflammatory diseases such as, for example, respiratory system diseases) (13) and with cancer and CVD (4,14,15) . These conclusions are supported by the effects of consuming refined cereal products (bread, pasta and rice), as these have been associated with an increased risk of digestive tract, pharynx, larynx and thyroid cancers in northern Italians (16) . However, an association between a lower risk of developing a chronic disease and a high whole-grain cereal consumption does not mean a direct causal relationship and provides no information about the physiological mechanisms involved.These metabolic diseases are related to our daily lifestyle, no...

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

2010

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“…The mean daily human intake of manganese is about 2-9 mg, mainly depending on the diet (Goyer 1991;Freeland-Graves and Turnlund 1996). Many vegetables, grains, fruits, nuts, and tea leaves have a high concentration of manganese, up to 40-46 ppm, while meat, milk, sardines, and cucumbers contain small amounts of this metal, 0-0.5 ppm (Schroeder et al 1966; Keen and Leach 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Exposure of Rats to Pre- and Post-Natal Manganese Enhances Behavioral Impairments Produced by Perinatal 6-Hydroxydopamine

et al. 2010

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Rats lesioned shortly after birth with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 134 μg icv) represent a near-ideal model of severe Parkinson's disease because of the near-total destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers. The element manganese, an essential cofactor for many enzymatic reactions, itself in toxic amount, replicates some clinical features similar to those of Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of neonatal manganese exposure on 6-OHDA modeling of Parkinson's disease in rats. Manganese (MnCl(2)·4H(2)O) 10,000 ppm was included in the drinking water of pregnant Wistar rats from the time of conception until the 21st day after delivery, the age when neonatal rats were weaned. Control rats consumed tap water. Other groups of neonatal rat pups, on the 3rd day after birth, were pretreated with desipramine (20 mg/kg ip 1 h) prior to bilateral icv administration of 6-OHDA (30, 60, or 137 μg) or its vehicle saline-ascorbic (0.1%) (control). At 2 months after birth, in rats lesioned with 30, 60, or 134 μg 6-OHDA, endogenous striatal dopamine (DA) content was reduced, respectively, by 66, 92, and 98% (HPLC/ED), while co-exposure of these groups to perinatal manganese did not magnify the DA depletion. However, there was prominent enhancement of DA D(1) agonist (i.e., SKF 38393)-induced oral activity in the group of rats exposed perinatally to manganese and also treated neonatally with the 30 mg/kg dose of 6-OHDA. The 30 mg/kg 6-OHDA group, demonstrating cataleptogenic responses to SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg ip), developed resistance if co-exposed to perinatal manganese. In the group exposed to manganese and lesioned with the 60 mg/kg dose of 6-OHDA, there was a reduction in D(2) agonist (i.e., quinpirole, 0.1 mg/kg)-induced yawning. The series of findings demonstrate that ontogenetic exposure to manganese results in an enhancement of behavioral toxicity to a moderate dose of 6-OHDA, despite the fact that there is no enhanced depletion of striatal DA depletion by the manganese treatment.

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“…When sufficient data are lacking, a crude method to estimate status and/or requirements in a healthy population is extrapolation to usual dietary intakes. 20 …”

Section: Approaches To Assessing Mn Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Therefore, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 75 set 10 mg per day (0.14 mg kg À1 per day) as the Reference Dose for Mn in 2007. The upper tolerable level of Mn for adults has been established as 11 mg per day, according to the IOM.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Requirements for Manganese

Freeland‐Graves¹,

Mousa²,

Sanjeevi³

2014

Manganese in Health and Disease

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Manganese (Mn) is a ubiquitous trace mineral that is essential for living organisms. This mineral is a cofactor of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and arginase. It assumes a significant role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and cholesterol, the formation of bone, digestion, and development. Food sources include whole grains, cereals, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and tea. Approaches to assess Mn requirements include metabolic balance, blood levels, and response of biomarkers. In the United States, the adequate intake (AI) of Mn is 1.8 and 2.3 mg day−1 for women and men, respectively. Negative balance has been reported in numerous studies, where Mn intake was greater than the AI; thus, the adequacy of current dietary recommendations is unclear. Factors that influence Mn requirements include life stage and gender, bioavailability (fiber, phytates, mineral interactions, polyphenolic compounds), and international considerations. Deficiency of Mn has been associated with adverse health conditions including dermatitis, osteoporosis, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, epilepsy, cancer, asthma, problems with cognitive function, and poor birth outcomes. Toxicity of Mn may be a potential problem with contaminated drinking water, parenteral nutrition, individuals with hepatic dysfunction, and soy formula-fed infants. An understanding of Mn nutrient requirements is important for achievement of optimal health.

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Deliberations and Evaluations of the Approaches, Endpoints and Paradigms for Manganese and Molybdenum Dietary Recommendations

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

Ontogenetic Exposure of Rats to Pre- and Post-Natal Manganese Enhances Behavioral Impairments Produced by Perinatal 6-Hydroxydopamine

Nutritional Requirements for Manganese

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