Deletion of AhR attenuates fear memory leaving other types of memory intact

Sun, Ning; Wang, Hao; Wang, X; Qian, Yu; Han, Jinyuan; Huang, Yan; Zhou, Wenxia

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114505

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rats can recognize their position in a confined space or maze, and with repeated training, they can find an escape route or new areas [42]. Using these characteristics, animal behavioral tests, such as the Barnes maze test, NORT, and Y-maze test, are commonly performed to investigate memory in rats [43]. The Barnes maze test assesses memory by measuring the distance and time a rat takes to navigate in a limited space to find an escape location [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrolysates from Silkworms Fed Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves on Improvement of Memory in Rats with Impaired Memory Induced by Scopolamine

An,

Jung,

Yun

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the memory-improving effects and mechanisms of action of hydrolysate from silkworm fed Cudrania tricuspidata leaves (HSCT) in rats with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Thirty-two rats were categorized into 4 groups and the experiment was conducted for 6 weeks. The experimental diet groups are as follows: control, control diet; scopolamine, control diet + scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg); HSCT, HSCT diet + scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg); and donepezil, control diet + scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg) + donepezil (1.0 mg/kg). Except for the control group, the experimental groups received scopolamine 0.7 mg/kg intraperitoneally to induce decline in memory. Animal behavioral tests such as the Barnes maze, novel object recognition test, and Y-maze were performed to investigate the effects of HSCT on memory improvement. In addition, brain acetylcholine (ACh) concentration and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were assessed to investigate the mechanism of memory improvement. Results of the animal behavior test suggested that the rats administered HSCT displayed improved memory behavior compared to those administered scopolamine (p < 0.05). The concentration of Ach was increased in the HSCT group compared to the scopolamine group (p < 0.05), and the activity of AChE was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). These results suggest that HSCT effectively improves memory by reducing AChE activity and increasing ACh content in the brains of rats with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. As a natural compound, HSCT has the potential to be used as a material to improve memory.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrolysates from Silkworms Fed Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves on Improvement of Memory in Rats with Impaired Memory Induced by Scopolamine

An,

Jung,

Yun

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cortisol secretion

Pecori Giraldi,

Ferraù,

Ragonese

et al. 2024

J Endocrinol Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Endocrine disruptors exert a plethora of effects in endocrine tissues, from altered function to carcinogenesis. Given its lipophilic nature, the adrenal cortex represents an ideal target for endocrine disruptors and thus, possibly, xenobiotic-induced adrenocortical dysfunction. However, there is no clear understanding of the effect of endocrine disruptors on adrenal steroidogenesis, in particular as regards the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, one of the key mediators. Methods The present review recapitulates available evidence on the effects of AHR ligands on adrenal steroidogenesis, with focus on cortisol secretion. Results Short-term exposure to AHR ligands most often induced a stress-like corticosteroid response followed by decreased responsiveness to stressors with long-term exposure. This was observed in several experimental models across species as well as in animals and humans in real-life settings. Prenatal exposure led to different effects according to sex of the offspring, as observed in murine models and in children from mothers in several countries. In vitro findings proved highly dependent on the experimental setting, with reduced cortisol response and steroidogenic enzyme synthesis mostly observed in fish and increased cortisol synthesis and secretion observed in murine and human adrenal cell lines. Of note, no AHR-binding element was detected in steroidogenic enzyme promoters, suggesting the involvement of additional factors. Conclusion Our review provides evidence for the impact of AHR ligands on adrenocortical function and indicates further avenues of research to better clarify its effects.

show abstract