Deletion in the Genes Encoding Outer Surface Proteins OspA and OspB of <i>Borrelia garinii</i> Isolated from Patients in Japan

Wang, Jianhui; Masuzawa, Toshiyuki; Li, Muqing; Yanagihara, Yasutake

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01910.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, apparent changes in Borrelia plasmid size or geometry with propagation (Sadziene et al ., 1992; Munderloh et al ., 1993; Fikrig et al ., 1995a,b; Ferdows et al ., 1996; Tilly et al ., 1997; Ryan et al ., 1998) and differences in the sizes of related plasmids or regions in different bacterial isolates have been observed (Hyde and Johnson, 1988; Feng et al ., 1996, 1998; Marconi et al ., 1996a; N. Palmer and S. Casjens, unpublished). In addition, several plasmid genes sequenced from other isolates appear to contain open reading frame‐disrupting mutations, deletions or other rearrangements when compared with the B31 sequence (Rosa et al ., 1992; Marconi et al ., 1993a; Restrepo and Barbour, 1994; Wang et al ., 1997b; Kornacki and Oliver, 1998; Akins et al ., 1999). Finally, several phylogenetic analyses of plasmid genes have shown some evidence for lateral transfer of these plasmid genes (Dykhuizen et al ., 1993; Marconi et al ., 1994; Stevenson and Barthold, 1994; Jauris‐Heipke et al ., 1995; Livey et al ., 1995; Will et al ., 1995), so it seems likely that such rearrangements and pseudogenes are not unique to B31 plasmids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmer and S. Casjens, unpublished). In addition, several plasmid genes sequenced from other isolates appear to contain open reading frame-disrupting mutations, deletions or other rearrangements when compared with the B31 sequence Marconi et al, 1993a;Restrepo and Barbour, 1994;Wang et al, 1997b;Kornacki and Oliver, 1998;Akins et al, 1999). Finally, several phylogenetic analyses of plasmid genes have shown some evidence for lateral transfer of these plasmid genes (Dykhuizen et al, 1993;Marconi et al, 1994 The open reading frames of the B. burgdorferi plasmids Some plasmids carry numerous pseudogenes.…”

Section: Plasmid Rearrangements and Pseudogenes In Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Casjens

Palmer

Vugt

et al. 2000

Molecular Microbiology

757

1,241

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We have determined that Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 MI carries 21 extrachromosomal DNA elements, the largest number known for any bacterium. Among these are 12 linear and nine circular plasmids, whose sequences total 610 694 bp. We report here the nucleotide sequence of three linear and seven circular plasmids (comprising 290 546 bp) in this infectious isolate. This completes the genome sequencing project for this organism; its genome size is 1 521 419 bp (plus about 2000 bp of undetermined telomeric sequences). Analysis of the sequence implies that there has been extensive and sometimes rather recent DNA rearrangement among a number of the linear plasmids. Many of these events appear to have been mediated by recombinational processes that formed duplications. These many regions of similarity are reflected in the fact that most plasmid genes are members of one of the genome's 161 paralogous gene families; 107 of these gene families, which vary in size from two to 41 members, contain at least one plasmid gene. These rearrangements appear to have contributed to a surprisingly large number of apparently non‐functional pseudogenes, a very unusual feature for a prokaryotic genome. The presence of these damaged genes suggests that some of the plasmids may be in a period of rapid evolution. The sequence predicts 535 plasmid genes ≥300 bp in length that may be intact and 167 apparently mutationally damaged and/or unexpressed genes (pseudogenes). The large majority, over 90%, of genes on these plasmids have no convincing similarity to genes outside Borrelia, suggesting that they perform specialized functions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasmid Rearrangements and Pseudogenes In Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Casjens

Palmer

Vugt

et al. 2000

Molecular Microbiology

757

1,241

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“…In general, sequence analysis of surface protein encoding genes has revealed a molecular evolution enhanced by expansion and reduction events ( Goward et al. 1993 ; Wang et al. 1997) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage-driven genomic structural changes promote Bartonella vertical evolution

Gutiérrez

Markus

Sousa

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Bartonella is a genetically diverse group of vector-borne bacteria. Over 40 species have been characterized to date, mainly from mammalian reservoirs and arthropod vectors. Rodent reservoirs harbor one of the largest Bartonella diversity described to date, and novel species and genetic variants are continuously identified from these hosts. Yet, it is still unknown if this significant genetic diversity stems from adaptation to different niches or from intrinsic high mutation rates. Here, we explored the vertical occurrence of spontaneous genomic alterations in 18 lines derived from two rodent-associated Bartonella elizabethae-like strains, evolved in nonselective agar plates under conditions mimicking their vector- and mammalian-associated temperatures, and the transmission cycles between them (i.e., 26 °C, 37 °C, and alterations between the two), using mutation accumulation experiments. After ∼1,000 generations, evolved genomes revealed few point mutations (average of one-point mutation per line), evidencing conserved single-nucleotide mutation rates. Interestingly, three large structural genomic changes (two large deletions and an inversion) were identified over all lines, associated with prophages and surface adhesin genes. Particularly, a prophage, deleted during constant propagation at 37 °C, was associated with an increased autonomous replication at 26 °C (the flea-associated temperature). Complementary molecular analyses of wild strains, isolated from desert rodents and their fleas, further supported the occurrence of structural genomic variations and prophage-associated deletions in nature. Our findings suggest that structural genomic changes represent an effective intrinsic mechanism to generate diversity in slow-growing bacteria and emphasize the role of prophages as promoters of diversity in nature.

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Protection against tick-transmitted Lyme disease in dogs vaccinated with a multiantigenic vaccine

Straubinger

Rao

Davidson

et al. 2001

Vaccine

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Deletion in the Genes Encoding Outer Surface Proteins OspA and OspB of Borrelia garinii Isolated from Patients in Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Prophage-driven genomic structural changes promote Bartonella vertical evolution

Protection against tick-transmitted Lyme disease in dogs vaccinated with a multiantigenic vaccine

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