Deleted in colorectal cancer (netrin‐1 receptor) antibodies and limbic encephalitis in a cat with hippocampal necrosis

Hasegawa, Daisuke; Ohnishi, Yumi; Koyama, Eiji; Matsunaga, Satoru; Ohtani, Shouhei; Nakanishi, Atsuo; Shiga, Takanori; Chambers, James K.; Uchida, Kazuyuki; Yokoi, Norihiko; Fukata, Yuko; Fukata, Masaki

doi:10.1111/jvim.15492

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In veterinary medicine, limbic encephalitis with voltage‐gated potassium channel antibodies has been described only in cats . Considering the lack of subsequent imaging studies, CSF analysis, and histopathological examination of the brain tissue, it is impossible to state whether the pathophysiological mechanism of subsequent PEE in our study was the result of irreversible changes in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, temporal and frontal lobes, or caused by chronic ongoing inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Postencephalitic epilepsy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: Clinical features, risk factors, and long‐term outcome

Kaczmarska

José-López

Czopowicz

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Although the presence of seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) has been associated with shorter survival times, data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for postencephalitic epilepsy (PEE) is lacking. Objectives To describe the clinical features, prevalence, risk factors, and long‐term outcome of PEE in dogs with MUO. Animals Sixty‐one dogs with presumptive diagnosis of MUO based on the clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging findings. Methods Retrospective study. Cases were identified by search of hospital medical records for dogs with suspected or confirmed MUO. Medical records of dogs meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. Signalment, seizure history, clinicopathologic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were recorded. Results Among 61 dogs at risk of PEE, 14 (23%) dogs developed PEE. Three of 14 dogs with PEE (21%) developed drug‐resistant epilepsy. Dogs with PEE were younger (P = .03; ORadjusted = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.98) and had significantly shorter survival times (log‐rank test P = .04) when compared to dogs that did not develop epilepsy. The risk factors associated with the development of PEE were the presence of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS; P = .04; ORadjusted = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.11‐20.4) and MRI lesions in the hippocampus (P = .04; ORadjusted = 4.75; 95% CI, 1.07‐21.0). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs with MUO and seizures at the early stage of the disease (ASS) seem to be at a higher risk of developing PEE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Postencephalitic epilepsy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: Clinical features, risk factors, and long‐term outcome

Kaczmarska

José-López

Czopowicz

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…20 Moreover, autoantibodies against the 'deleted in colorectal cancer' protein were found in a feline patient with clinical signs and MRI findings compatible with FHN, in the absence of VGKC complex antibodies. 25 These results suggest that even within the possibility of an autoimmune LE causing FHN, different autoantibodies may be involved in the feline population, requiring further investigations in future research. Typically, in FHN patients undergoing MRI, the hippocampus and the piriform lobes are T2 and FLAIR hyperintense, T1 hypointense and can show contrast enhancement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…To date, there is controversial evidence as to whether FHN represents a cause or a consequence of severe seizures. 1,5,8,9,[11][12][13]20,25 Despite this, the correlation between progression of the disease and severity of the epileptic events seems to indicate that FHN is the origin of the epileptic activity. This idea is supported by several facts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline temporal lobe epilepsy: seven cases of hippocampal and piriform lobe necrosis in England and literature review

Scalia¹,

Caine²,

Pittaway³

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Case series summary Seven cases of feline hippocampal and piriform lobe necrosis (FHN) are described, with particular emphasis on clinical, radiographic and histopathological correlations. FHN is an uncommon acute epileptic condition resembling human autoimmune limbic encephalitis and temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizures are typically focal and feature uni- or bilateral orofacial or head twitching, hypersalivation, lip smacking, mydriasis, vocalisation and motionless staring, with inter-ictal behavioural changes such as unprovoked aggression and rapid running. Emerging evidence supports an autoimmune aetiology, although disruption of hippocampal architecture secondary to brain neoplasia has also been recognised. Most commonly, however, the underlying cause remains unknown. Diagnosis is achieved clinically and with brain MRI; electroencephalography and voltage-gated potassium channel-complex autoantibodies are currently the subject of research. Affected cats are frequently refractory to conventional antiepileptic treatment. Relevance and novel information Following a review of the literature, including potential complicating factors and comparisons with human medicine, the hippocampus and piriform lobe are proposed as the neuroanatomical localisation for focal seizures with orofacial involvement in cats, regardless of aetiology.

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“…An age dependence of NMDAR antibody seroprevalence was found in dogs, cats, rats, baboons, and rhesus macaques ( 23 ). Furthermore, a direct link between autoimmune limbic encephalitis in cats with seizures and LGI1 autoantibodies has been suspected for years ( 24 , 25 ). Stafford et al ( 17 ) detected NMDAR antibodies in the CSF of two dogs with MUO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis in a Dog

Huenerfauth

Bien

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Autoantibodies against neurotransmitter receptors detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum are increasingly recognized in people with human autoimmune encephalitis causing severe neurological deficits, such as seizures and behavioral abnormalities. This case report describes the first encephalitis associated with antibodies against the γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptor (GABAAR) in a dog. A young male intact Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was presented with recent onset of initial multiple generalized tonic-clonic seizures progressing into a status epilepticus. Interictally, he showed alternating stupor and hyperexcitability, ataxia, pleurothotonus and circling behavior to the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed breed-specific anatomical abnormalities. Standard CSF analysis was unremarkable. Despite treatment with multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs) seizures and behavior abnormalities sustained. Immunotherapy with dexamethasone was started on the fifth day after disease manifestation. This led to rapid improvement of clinical signs. An extensive antibody search in CSF and serum demonstrated a neuropil staining pattern on a tissue-based assay compatible with GABAAR antibodies. The diagnosis was confirmed by binding of serum and CSF antibodies to GABAAR transfected Human Embryonic Kidney cells. The serum titer was 1:320, the CSF titer 1:2. At the control visit 4.5 weeks after start of immunotherapy, the dog was clinically normal. The GABAAR antibody titer in serum had strongly decreased. The antibodies were no longer detectable in CSF. Based on clinical presentation and testing for GABAAR binding antibodies, this describes the first veterinary patient with an anti-GABAAR encephalitis with a good outcome following ASM and corticosteroid treatment.

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Deleted in colorectal cancer (netrin‐1 receptor) antibodies and limbic encephalitis in a cat with hippocampal necrosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Postencephalitic epilepsy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: Clinical features, risk factors, and long‐term outcome

Postencephalitic epilepsy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: Clinical features, risk factors, and long‐term outcome

Feline temporal lobe epilepsy: seven cases of hippocampal and piriform lobe necrosis in England and literature review

Case Report: Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis in a Dog

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