Delays in TB hospital diagnosis – a major threat for the HIV/AIDS situation in a society: A study of TB as an opportunistic infection in southern Malawi

Aase, Asbjørn

doi:10.1080/00291950510020529

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A study conducted in Zomba in Malawi found that lack of knowledge about TB was one of the main reasons causing delay, among people suspected of having TB, to seek early diagnosis. 40 The promotion of healthy behavior principally involves knowledge dissemination, which impacts and influences attitudes and beliefs. 41 According to van Zundert et al, social cognitive theory states that “cognitive factors such as outcome expectations, self-efficacy and intentions are also important determinants of behavior”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of tuberculosis among community members in Ntcheu district, Malawi

Nyasulu

Sikwese

Chirwa

et al. 2018

JMDH

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IntroductionThe global burden of tuberculosis (TB) remains significantly high, with overreliance on biomedical interventions and inadequate exploration of the socioeconomic and cultural context of the infected population. A desired reduction in disease burden can be enhanced through a broader theoretical understanding of people’s health beliefs and concerns about TB. In this qualitative study, we explore the knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of community members and people diagnosed with TB toward TB in Ntcheu district, Malawi.MethodsUsing a qualitative phenomenological study design, data were obtained from eight focus-group discussions and 16 individual in-depth interviews. The community’s experiences and perceptions of TB were captured without using any preconceived framework. Adult participants who had had or never had a diagnosis of TB were purposively selected by sex and age and enrolled for the study. Discussions and individual interviews lasting about 60 minutes each were audiotaped, transcribed, and translated into English and analyzed using MaxQDA 10 software for qualitative analysis.ResultsMost participants believed that TB was curable and would go for diagnosis if they had symptoms suggestive of the disease. However, based on their beliefs, individuals expressed some apprehension about the spread of TB and the social implications of being diagnosed with the disease. This perception affected participants’ responses about seeking diagnosis and treatment.ConclusionA supportive and collective approach consisting of a combination of mass media, interactive communication campaigns, emphasizing TB symptoms, transmission, and stigma could be useful in addressing barriers to early diagnosis and care-seeking behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of tuberculosis among community members in Ntcheu district, Malawi

Nyasulu

Sikwese

Chirwa

et al. 2018

JMDH

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“…Long, Johansson, Lönnroth, Eriksson, Winkvist & Diwan, 1999;Kanyerere & Aase, 2005;Cambanis, Ramsay, Yassin & Cuevas, 2007;Dodor, Neal & Kelly, 2008). Long delays may be due both to patients' delay in seeking care and to healthcare providers' delay in correctly diagnosing the TB infection (Long et al, 1999) and following up the patient.…”

Section: Delays Associated With Diagnosis Self-treatment and Traditimentioning

confidence: 93%

Delays in presenting for tuberculosis treatment associated with fear of learning one is HIV-positive

Møller

Erstad

Cramm

et al. 2011

African Journal of AIDS Research

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A cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) control is early diagnosis and treatment. The first hurdle that prospective TB patients must overcome is to present at a public health clinic for treatment. The Global Plan to Stop TB addresses the new challenges of the intersecting epidemics of TB and HIV, and it aims to cut the transmission chain by achieving early and effective treatment of all people with TB infection. This goal may be more difficult to achieve in practice. Findings from a representative community survey conducted in an area of high HIV prevalence in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa suggest that patients must conquer fear of knowing their HIV status in order to present for TB diagnosis and treatment. A total of 1 020 adults residing in a low-income suburb of Grahamstown, Makana Municipality, participated in a questionnaire survey that probed attitudes and opinions about TB and HIV/AIDS-related issues. The respondents were presented with eight factors previously cited in the literature as causing delays in presenting for TB treatment at a public health clinic. The single largest proportion of respondents attributed delay to a fear of discovering that one is HIV-positive. While the vast majority of the respondents agreed that knowing one's HIV status is a civic responsibility ('the right thing to do'), half indicated that the lack of privacy during voluntary counselling and testing for HIV at a public health clinic acts as a disincentive. The evidence suggests that a fear of knowing one's HIV status is a deep-seated anxiety that is often not openly acknowledged, and that it is intertwined with the stigma related to the 'new' TB associated with HIV and AIDS. It is crucial to allay this deep-seated fear in the general public so that South Africa's integrated HIV and TB services, designed to accelerate control of the twin epidemics, are successful.

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“…Stigma is known to delay treatment and to lead to non-adherence to treatment of various diseases, particularly self-inflicted ones. This is also the case with TB-related stigma (Godfrey-Faussett et al 2002;Kanyerere and Aase 2005;Cambanis et al 2007;Somma et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Drinking, Smoking, and Morality: Do ‘Drinkers and Smokers’ Constitute a Stigmatised Stereotype or a Real TB Risk Factor in the Time of HIV/AIDS?

2009

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Delays in TB hospital diagnosis – a major threat for the HIV/AIDS situation in a society: A study of TB as an opportunistic infection in southern Malawi

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of tuberculosis among community members in Ntcheu district, Malawi

Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of tuberculosis among community members in Ntcheu district, Malawi

Delays in presenting for tuberculosis treatment associated with fear of learning one is HIV-positive

Drinking, Smoking, and Morality: Do ‘Drinkers and Smokers’ Constitute a Stigmatised Stereotype or a Real TB Risk Factor in the Time of HIV/AIDS?

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