Delayed treatment with magnesium: reduction of brain infarction and improvement of electrophysiological recovery following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats

Abstract

Administration of Mg++ at the commencement of reperfusion enhances electrophysiological and neurobehavioral recovery and reduces brain infarction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Because Mg++ has already been used clinically, it may be worthwhile to investigate it further to see if it holds potential benefits for patients with ischemic stroke and for those who will undergo carotid endarterectomy.

Cinnamophilin offers prolonged neuroprotection against gray and white matter damage and improves functional and electrophysiological outcomes after transient focal cerebral ischemia*

“…Focal cerebral ischemia was used by intra-arterial suture occlusion of the proximal right middle cerebral artery for 90 mins as described previously (6,7). Local cortical cerebral perfusion was serially measured by a laser-Doppler flowmetry (Laserflo BMP2; Vasamedics, St Paul, MN) before and during the middle cerebral artery occlusion, on a brief period (10 mins) of reperfusion and at 40 mins after the onset of reperfusion.…”

“…Local cortical cerebral perfusion was serially measured by a laser-Doppler flowmetry (Laserflo BMP2; Vasamedics, St Paul, MN) before and during the middle cerebral artery occlusion, on a brief period (10 mins) of reperfusion and at 40 mins after the onset of reperfusion. The representative ischemic core and penumbral areas in the model were determined based on the rat brain atlas (8) and previous studies on the measurements of cerebral blood flow (7,9). The local cortical cerebral perfusion data were expressed as a percentage of the baseline values.…”

Delayed Treatment with Carboxy-PTIO Permits a 4-h Therapeutic Window of Opportunity and Prevents Against Ischemia-Induced Energy Depletion Following Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

“…A modification of previously published methods was used to evaluate the sensorimotor integrity [7,[21][22][23]31]. Accordingly, five categories of motor neurologic findings were scored: 0, no observable deficit; 1, forelimb flexion; 2, forelimb flexion and decreased resistance to lateral push; 3, forelimb flexion, decreased resistance to lateral push and unilateral circling; 4, forelimb flexion, unable or difficult to ambulate.…”

“…The brain was then rapidly removed, cut into 2 mm coronal sections using a mouse brain matrix (RBM 2000C, ASI Instrument, Inc., Warren, MI) and stained according to the standard 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method [7,[21][22][23][24]. Each slice was drawn using a semi-automated computerized image analyzer (MCID, Imaging Research Inc., ON, Canada).…”

“…The calculated infarction areas were then compiled to obtain the infarct volumes per brain (in mm 3 ). Infarct volumes were expressed as a percentage of the contralateral hemisphere volume by using an ''indirect method'' to compensate for edema formation in the ipsilateral hemisphere [7,[21][22][23][24].…”