Delayed immunisation and risk of pertussis in infants: unmatched case-control study

Grant, Cameron C.; Roberts, Mavis; Scragg, Robert; Stewart, Joanna; Lennon, Diana; Kivell, Denise; Ford, R. P. K.; Menzies, Rosalie

doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7394.852

Cited by 86 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3] In Taiwan, control of pertussis was achieved through widespread use of whole-cell pertussis vaccine, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (as DTwP) since 1954. 4,5 In 1996, the country started the transition from DTwP to acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP) and by March 2010, a pentavalent vaccine (combined DTaP, inactivated polio [IPV], and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib] vaccine) (DTaP-IPV-Hib) was being used for all 4 doses at ages 2, 4, 6, and 18 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undervaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine: National trends and association with pertussis risk in young children

Huang¹,

Lin²,

Yang³

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The high coverage for 3 pertussis vaccine doses among Taiwanese children might not imply timely vaccination. Recently, resurgence of pertussis and challenges with availability of DTaP-IPV-Hib prompted this study. Methods: In the 1996-2012 national birth cohort, we calculated the prevalence and days of undervaccination against pertussis by age 36 months. We also compared the odds of undervaccination in each laboratory-confirmed pertussis patient at ages 3-35 months with sex-, residence-, and age-matched controls from the general population, using conditional logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of undervaccination was 60.6% (median 16 days) and decreasing (p < 0.0001). Among 145 cases and 2,900 controls, 58 (40.0%) and 721 (24.9%) were undervaccinated (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.57-3.31). The attributable risk percent was 22.5% (95% CI 14.5-27.9). Conclusions: Undervaccination was decreasing. Approximately up to one-fifth pertussis cases in children aged 3-35 months could have been prevented with on-time vaccination.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undervaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine: National trends and association with pertussis risk in young children

Huang¹,

Lin²,

Yang³

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pa have an improved reactogenicity profile and good efficacy (13). However, optimal immunity induced by Pa requires three administrations, and consequently, infants in the 0-to 6-month age group remain at risk (20). The longevity of Pa-mediated protection is also suboptimal, and additional booster immunizations may be required to eliminate a reservoir of infection in adolescents (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Live AttenuatedBordetella pertussisCandidate Vaccine Does Not Cause Disseminating Infection in Gamma Interferon Receptor Knockout Mice

Skerry

Cassidy

English

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bordetella pertussis is the cause of whooping cough and responsible for 300,000 infant deaths per annum. Current vaccines require 6 months to confer optimal immunity on infants, the population at highest risk. Recently, an attenuated strain of B. pertussis (BPZE1) has been developed to be used as a low-cost, live, intranasal, single-dose vaccine for newborns. Preclinical proof of concept has been established; however, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of BPZE1, especially in immunodeficient models, prior to human clinical trials. Here, the preclinical safety of BPZE1 was examined in well-characterized murine models. Immunocompetent and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) receptor knockout mice were challenged by aerosol with either virulent B. pertussis or BPZE1. The two strains colonized the lung at equal levels, but inflammation was associated with carriage of only virulent bacteria. Virulent bacteria disseminated to the liver of IFN-␥ receptor-deficient mice, resulting in atypical pathology. In contrast, attenuated BPZE1 did not disseminate in either immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice and did not induce atypical pathology. In neonatal challenge models, virulent B. pertussis infection resulted in significant mortality of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice, whereas no mortality was observed for any neonatal mice challenged with BPZE1. BPZE1 was shown to elicit strong IFN-␥ responses in mice, equivalent to those elicited by the virulent streptomycin-resistant B. pertussis Tohama I derivative BPSM, also inducing immunoglobulin G2a, a process requiring T H 1 cytokines in mice. These data indicate that a live attenuated whooping cough vaccine candidate shows no signs of disseminating infection in preclinical models but rather evokes an immunological profile associated with optimal protection against disease.

show abstract

“…In NZ delay in receipt of any of the three infant doses of pertussis vaccine is associated with a five-fold increased risk of hospital admission with pertussis. 28 Delaying initiation of the schedule for an infant virtually guarantees they will be exposed to this increased risk. Timely initiation of the schedule for all registered children would seem an appropriate measure of one of the essential roles of primary care, namely the prevention if serious illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization champions: Characteristics of general practitioners associated with better immunization delivery

Goodyear‐Smith¹,

Petousis‐Harris²,

Turner³

2009

Human Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delayed immunisation and risk of pertussis in infants: unmatched case-control study

Cited by 86 publications

References 3 publications

Undervaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine: National trends and association with pertussis risk in young children

Undervaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine: National trends and association with pertussis risk in young children

A Live AttenuatedBordetella pertussisCandidate Vaccine Does Not Cause Disseminating Infection in Gamma Interferon Receptor Knockout Mice

Immunization champions: Characteristics of general practitioners associated with better immunization delivery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About