Delayed effects of pre- and early-life time exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on tadpoles of two amphibian species (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria)

Gutleb, Arno C.; Appelman, J.; Bronkhorst, M.; Berg, J.H.J. van den; Spenkelink, A.; Brouwer, Abraham; Murk, Albertinka J.

doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00023-x

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Zebrafish exposed to moderate-to-high levels of PCBs during the early developmental stage exhibited increased mortality and malformations, such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and body bending. Similar findings in zebrafish and other animal studies have been previously reported, including decreased viability and pericardial edema in zebrafish (21,22), as well as an increase in the numbers and the identification of patterns of malformation in Japanese medaka (23) and amphibians (24).…”

Section: A B C Dsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effects of embryonic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on zebraﬁsh skeletal development

Lou

2012

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that affect embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of embryonic exposure to PCBs on early skeletal development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos were immediately exposed to various concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) after fertilization. Embryos were assessed at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) for changes in embryonic survival and malformation rates. Calcium content and vitamin D receptor (VDR), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and TRVP6 mRNA expressions were assessed at 120 hpf. The results showed that PCBs exposure decreased the survival rate of the embryos in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The embryos exposed to the higher concentrations of PCBs (0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) displayed obvious skeletal morphological deformities. At 120 hpf, the calcium content of the zebrafish was downregulated in all the PCB-treated groups. VDR, PTH and TRVP6 mRNA expressions were all affected by PCBs. By 120 hpf, the mRNA expressions of VDR, PTH and TRVP6 from the PCB-treated larvae were all upregulated. The expressions of PTH and TRVP6 positively correlated with the level of PCBs to which the embryos were exposed. These results suggest that embryonic exposure to PCBs induces developmental deficits in the zebrafish skeleton. IntroductionHumans and animals are exposed to persistent organic pollutants, such as furans, dioxins or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These compounds accumulate in food chains and are known to affect a series of physiological functions and to disrupt endocrine systems (1-3).PCBs are persistent organic pollutants found in the environment and in tissue samples (4-6). They are known to cause various adverse effects including endocrine disruptions, carcinogenicity, immune, neural, developmental, reproductive and skeletal toxicity (7-9). Concern over the systemic toxicity of PCBs arose when two tragic episodes occurred in Japan and China (Taiwan) as a result of rice oil being contaminated with PCBs. Thousands of newborns exhibited low birth weight, mucocutaneous pigmentation, periorbital edema, gingival hyperplasia and abnormal skull calcification (10). Thus, PCB exposure seriously affects the development of multiple organs, including the skeleton.Bone tissue is a specialized connective tissue, which forms the framework of the body. Alterations in bone composition have previously been observed in experimental animals exposed to PCBs (11-16), as well as in natural exposure scenarios in free ranging animals (17). However, none of these experiments or investigations have discussed the toxicity of PCBs during the embryonic developmental period.Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a new and popular model due to its fast development, the transparency of its embryos, its ease of manipulation at the molecular level and the availability of various mutants. The simple organization of the zebrafish ske leton and a similar developmental pattern to that of mammals ...

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Section: A B C Dsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Reconstituted water served as the overall control. The effects of each concentration and the controls were studied at five developmental stages [24,48,72,96 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf)]. Dishes were covered to prevent the evaporation of PCBs; solutions were changed and degene rating eggs were removed daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of embryonic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on zebraﬁsh skeletal development

Lou

2012

Mol Med Report

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“…Furthermore, our results show that these contaminants are being transferred to their progeny in biologically relevant levels. Concentrations of individual contaminants and mixtures determined in this study have been shown to have adverse effects in a wide range of animals, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish (20)(21)(22)(23). Some of the effects described are as follows: alterations of growth and development (24), poor hatching success (22), alterations of the reproductive and nervous system (25,26), learning and behavioral deficits retained throughout life (27,28), abnormalities of the liver and other organ systems (29,30), and endocrine disruption (29,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Maternal transfer of xenobiotics and effects on larval striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary

Ostrach

Low-Marchelli

Eder

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Aquatic ecosystems around the world face serious threats from anthropogenic contaminants. Results from 8 years of field and laboratory investigations indicate that sublethal contaminant exposure is occurring in the early life stages of striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary, a population in continual decline since its initial collapse during the 1970s. Biologically significant levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and current-use/legacy pesticides were found in all egg samples from river-collected fish. Developmental changes previously unseen with standard methods were detected with a technique using the principles of unbiased stereology. Abnormal yolk utilization, brain and liver development, and overall growth were observed in larvae from river-collected fish. Histopathological analyses confirmed and identified developmental alterations. Using this methodology enabled us to present a conclusive line of evidence for the maternal transfer of xenobiotics and their adverse effects on larval striped bass in this estuary.Morone saxatilis ͉ contaminants ͉ biomarkers ͉ histopathology ͉ unbiased stereology

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“…It has been shown that PCBs and other persistent organic pollutants can be passed on from the m other to their eggs and impair larval sur vival and developm ent (Gutleb et al, 1999(Gutleb et al, , 2007. In sole (Solea solea), the LD50 for larval survival is 1 ng TEQ/g lipid (Foekema et al, 2008), equivalent to 3 pmol TEQ/g lipid.…”

Section: Possible Consequences Ofpcb-contaminationforeel Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCBs and the energy cost of migration in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

et al. 2009

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The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the energy consum ption of fasting silver European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) was studied over a 27-day period during w hich the anim als w ere at rest or were sw im m ing 800 km in Blazka sw im tunnels. Three-year-old female hatchery eels (silver stage) betw een 73 and 80 cm long weighing around 1 kg w ere dosed intraperitoneally w ith PCBs at a nom inal dosage of 10x the consum ption standard as a m ixture representative for planar (7 ^gPCB126/kgeel), non-planar (5 m g PCB153/kg eel) and m etabolizable PCBs (50 ^g PCB77/kg eel) found in wild eel, or only w ith the vehicle (corn oil, 10 m l/kg eel). Four m ajor observations were m ade: (1) PCB-exposed anim als lose less w eight com pared to their unexposed controls; (2) PCB-concentrations on a lipid basis are 2.8-14 tim es higher in sw im m ing com pared to resting anim als; (3) the standard m etabolic rate is significantly lower in the PCB-exposed anim als than in unexposed controls. In addition, PCB-exposure significantly reduces oxygen consum ption during swim m ing, and starting at 4 0 0 k m (18 days) this effect increases w ith tim e; (4) the relative spleen and liver w eight significantly increased in the PCB-swim anim als but not in the PCB-rest animals. The sw im m ing anim als lost about 75% m ore w eight com pared to resting anim als and had about 50% lower plasm a fat content. Hematocrit, haem oglobin, plasm a pH, ion levels (sodium and potassium ), and plasm a lactate w ere not affected by PCB-exposure or swim m ing. Apparently, the current levels of PCBs and other dioxin-like com pounds m ay seriously im pair the reproduction of the European eel.

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Delayed effects of pre- and early-life time exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on tadpoles of two amphibian species (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria)

Cited by 73 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of embryonic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on zebraﬁsh skeletal development

Effects of embryonic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on zebraﬁsh skeletal development

Maternal transfer of xenobiotics and effects on larval striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary

PCBs and the energy cost of migration in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

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