Delayed death in sudden infant death syndrome: A San Diego SIDS/SUDC Research Project 15-year population-based report

Krous, Henry F.; Haas, Elisabeth A.; Chadwick, Amy E.; Masoumi, Homeyra; Mhoyan, Anna; Stanley, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.09.009

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In 'delayed SIDS', 12% had intradural bleeding and 4% subdural bleeding, defined as 3-5mL of parafalcine blood. 59,105 These may be underrepresentations because both were retrospective reviews of autopsy reports.…”

Section: Prolonged Hypoxia and Advanced Resuscitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms

Squier

Mack

Jansen

2016

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The cause of death in infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly (sudden unexpected death in infancy [SUDI]) remains a diagnostic challenge. Some infants have identified diseases (explained SUDI); those without explanation are called sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Demographic data indicate subgroups among SUDI and SIDS cases, such as unsafe sleeping and apparent life-threatening events. Infants dying suddenly with retinal and dural bleeding are often classified as abused, but in many there is no evidence of trauma. Demographic features suggest that they may represent a further subgroup of SUDI. This review examines the neuropathological hypotheses to explain SIDS and highlights the interaction of infant oxygen-conserving reflexes with the brainstem networks considered responsible for SIDS. We consider sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities related to dural bleeding and how sensitization of the dural innervation by bleeding may influence these reflexes, potentially leading to collapse or even death after otherwise trivial insults.

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Section: Prolonged Hypoxia and Advanced Resuscitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms

Squier

Mack

Jansen

2016

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…We recommend dividing Resuscitated SUDEP into 2 categories: failed resuscitated SUDEP and potential resuscitated SUDEP , distinguishing cases more responsive to resuscitative efforts with a greater chance for meaningful recovery. This parallels “delayed death” in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), where resuscitation delays death in ~6.4% of cases . Pathophysiological differences could be blurred if intervention is delayed beyond a critical time.…”

Section: Results and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parallels "delayed death" in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), where resuscitation delays death iñ 6.4% of cases. 29 Pathophysiological differences could be blurred if intervention is delayed beyond a critical time. Some SUDEP and failed Resuscitated SUDEP may be classified as potential Resuscitated SUDEP if resuscitated earlier.…”

Section: Resuscitated (Near) Sudepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving ambiguities in SUDEP classification

Devinsky¹,

Bundock

Hesdorffer

et al. 2018

Epilepsia

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Accurate and consistent classification of cause of death among individuals with epilepsy remains a dire public health concern. SUDEP is likely underestimated in national health statistics. Greater standardization of criteria among epilepsy researchers, medical examiners, and epidemiologists to determine cause and classify death will lead to more accurate tracking of SUDEP and other epilepsy-related mortalities.

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“…All of the cases were assigned a retrospective diagnosis of SIDS given they fulfilled the 2004 San Diego general definition for SIDS [1]. Also, SIDS cases that were successfully resuscitated and subsequently experienced a delayed death were excluded from analysis, thereby precluding the possible confounding influence of multi-organ failure and pathology [33] on the formation of IP. Finally, our analyses include every non-delayed SIDS case in San Diego County for which relevant data was known during a 15-year study period (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005), compared to our previous report which relied upon a convenience sample of only 199 cases from a shorter study interval (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrathoracic petechiae in SIDS: a retrospective population-based 15-year study

Krous

Haas

Chadwick

et al. 2008

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Intrathoracic petechiae (IP), the most common gross finding in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases at autopsy, suggest upper airway obstruction (UAO) occurs during the terminal event. If true, IP would be expected more frequently among SIDS cases found face down compared to other face positions. We compare the rates of IP in SIDS cases found face down versus other face positions. A retrospective 15-year review of IP among all cases of SIDS occurring from 1991 through 2005 accessioned by the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office was conducted. The presence or absence of IP was based on both gross and microscopic observations of the thoracic organs. The severity of thymic petechiae was scored semiquantitatively from microscopic observations. There were 489 SIDS cases during the study period. Sixteen of these were excluded because their deaths had been delayed by initially successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Among the remaining 473 SIDS cases, face position when found was specifically described for 332 (70%). Of 122 cases found face down, 112 (92%) had IP, compared to 85% (179) of 210 infants found with the face up or to the side (P = 0.06). The groups were not different with respect to age or gender, but the racial distribution was significantly different (P = 0.004). African-American infants comprised 28% of the found face down group compared to only 12% of the face up or side group. Our data do not support a role for external UAO caused by face positioning directly into the sleep surface in SIDS, but are consistent with internal UAO associated with apnea or gasping before dying of SIDS.

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Delayed death in sudden infant death syndrome: A San Diego SIDS/SUDC Research Project 15-year population-based report

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms

Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms

Resolving ambiguities in SUDEP classification

Intrathoracic petechiae in SIDS: a retrospective population-based 15-year study

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