Delayed cracking in 301 austenitic steel after bending process: Martensitic transformation and hydrogen embrittlement analysis

Zinbi, A.; Bouchou, Abdelhake

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.11.007

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For instance, many semiempirical models describing the variation in the fracture stress under the presence of hydrogen have been proposed. Zinbi and Bouchou [244] …”

Section: Mesoscopic Models Of the Hid Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex phenomenon, involving several lengthand timescales, that affects a large class of metals. It can significantly reduce the ductility and load-bearing capacity and cause cracking and catastrophic brittle failures at stresses below the yield stress of susceptible materials. Despite a large research effort in attempting to understand the mechanisms of failure and in developing potential mitigating solutions, hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are still not completely understood. There are controversial opinions in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and related experimental evidence supporting each of these theories. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review up to the current state of the art on the effect of hydrogen on the degradation of metals, with a particular focus on steels. Here, we describe the effect of hydrogen in steels from the atomistic to the continuum scale by reporting theoretical evidence supported by quantum calculation and modern experimental characterisation methods, macroscopic effects that influence the mechanical properties of steels and established damaging mechanisms for the embrittlement of steels. Furthermore, we give an insight into current approaches and new mitigation strategies used to design new steels resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

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“…For instance, many semiempirical models describing the variation in the fracture stress under the presence of hydrogen have been proposed. Zinbi and Bouchou [244] …”

Section: Mesoscopic Models Of the Hid Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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“…In general, there are several fundamental hypotheses regarding the hydrogen acting mechanisms in microstructures and their influence on the plasticity and fracture behaviour, e.g. hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE), hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP), adsorption-induced dislocation emission (AIDE), and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancy formation (HESIV) [6,[12][13][14][15][16] but the investigation of real structural materials always requires an individual approach taking into account complex influence of microstructural state, loading and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Thermal Exposure and Hydrogen Charging on the Notch Tensile Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Dissimilar T91/TP316H Weldments

Blach

Falat

2013

High Temperature Materials and Processes

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The effects of ageing and hydrogen charging on the notch tensile properties and fracture behaviour of individual heat-affected zones (HAZ) and Ni-based weld metal (Ni WM) of T91/TP316H weldments were investigated. After the post-weld heat treatment at 750 °C for 1 h the weldments were annealed at 600 °C for 1000 h and 5000 h, respectively. All heat-treated states were studied in condition without as well as with hydrogen charging. Thermal expositions led to additional precipitation and microstructure coarsening but their influence on tensile strength was insignificant. In contrast, remarkable plasticity decrease and the fracture mode transition from ductile dimple tearing to transgranular cleavage were observed. The combined effects of thermal exposure and hydrogen charging were more complex. Whereas the regions of Ni WM and TP316H HAZ did not show any significant change in strength, the hydrogen effect caused the strength increase in T91 HAZ. Although the hydrogen embrittling effects were clearly manifested by decreasing plasticity, their significance was getting smaller with increasing annealing duration. The fracture behaviour of thermally exposed and hydrogen charged regions exhibited mixed fracture modes including transgranular cleavage, intergranular dimple fracture and intergranular decohesion.

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“…Delayed cracking of metastable austenitic stainless steels is related to coexistence of solute hydrogen, strain‐induced α′‐martensite and residual tensile stresses . Crack initiation and growth are controlled by hydrogen diffusion and accumulation to regions of high tensile stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delayed cracking of metastable austenitic stainless steels is related to coexistence of solute hydrogen, straininduced α′-martensite and residual tensile stresses. [1][2][3] Crack initiation and growth are controlled by hydrogen diffusion and accumulation to regions of high tensile stress. The typical level of hydrogen (~2-5 wppm) present in stainless steels after manufacturing processes is sufficient to cause delayed cracking in certain metastable austenitic stainless steel grades.…”

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confidence: 99%

Delayed cracking of low‐nickel austenitic stainless steel studied with constant load tensile testing

Papula

Talonen

Hänninen

2015

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T Delayed cracking in unstable low-Ni austenitic stainless steel 204Cu was studied by constant load tensile testing. The developed testing arrangement enabled a systematical examination on the effect of applied stress, strain-induced α′-martensite and internal hydrogen content on time to fracture. Volume fraction of strain-induced α′-martensite was shown to affect cracking kinetics, except at a very high stress level. Hydrogen content had a marked effect on time to fracture, also at the highest applied stress level. When hydrogen content was reduced by annealing, delayed cracking kinetics and susceptibility were suppressed, and cracking required a considerably higher stress level. The apparent critical hydrogen content, below which delayed cracking was not observed, was about 0.85 wppm. According to scanning electron microscope and electron backscattering diffraction examination, fracture mechanism in the constant load test specimens was mainly transgranular quasi-cleavage, and cracking propagated along α′-martensite.Keywords constant load testing; hydrogen; hydrogen-induced delayed cracking; stainless steel; strain-induced α′-martensite; stress ratio.N O M E N C L A T U R E EBSD = electron backscattering diffraction LDR = limiting drawing ratio SFE = stacking fault energy TDS = thermal desorption spectroscopy I N T R O D U C T I O NDelayed cracking can occur in formed metallic components under static stress, applied or residual, below the yield strength of the material. It is a problem concerning high-strength steels and also some metastable austenitic stainless steels. Cracks may appear in successfully formed components after days or even months from forming, such as deep drawing. Metastable austenitic stainless steels, in which austenite is partly transformed to martensite under plastic strain, possess an excellent combination of strength and elongation, as the formation of strain-induced martensite increases work hardening of the material. Because of their high energy-absorbing capacity, metastable austenitic stainless steels have become attractive materials to be used, for example, in automotive crash-relevant structures. Nickel accounts for a significant percentage of the raw material cost of conventional austenitic stainless steels.Therefore, low-Ni austenitic stainless steels, in which nickel alloying is partly substituted with manganese and nitrogen, have become increasingly popular. They exhibit as good or even better mechanical properties than their nickel-alloyed counterparts, but are generally more susceptible to delayed cracking than the Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels, if they experience strain-induced martensitic transformation during forming. This has been one of the important factors limiting increasing use of low-Ni austenitic stainless steels in many potential applications. Delayed cracking of metastable austenitic stainless steels is related to coexistence of solute hydrogen, straininduced α′-martensite and residual tensile stresses. 1-3 Crack initiation and growth are cont...

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Delayed cracking in 301 austenitic steel after bending process: Martensitic transformation and hydrogen embrittlement analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

The Influence of Thermal Exposure and Hydrogen Charging on the Notch Tensile Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Dissimilar T91/TP316H Weldments

Delayed cracking of low‐nickel austenitic stainless steel studied with constant load tensile testing

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