Delayed conception and active and passive smoking

Hull, M. G. R.; North, Kate; Taylor, Hazel; Farrow, Alexandra; Ford, W. C. L.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01501-6

Cited by 196 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Another potential limitation of our study is that we did not collect information on exposures of the participants' partners that might influence female fertility, such as smoking. This situation, however, is unlikely to have major impact on our results since the potential bias would be limited by the association between the partner risk factor for anovulatory infertility, which is likely to be non-existent or small in the case of smoking status of the partner (Hull et al, 2000;Greenlee et al, 2003), and could be accounted for in part by adjusting for the same factor in women, as we did for smoking and other lifestyle characteristics, since spouses often share environmental exposures and lifestyle practices (Knuiman et al, 2005;Jurj et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility

Chavarro¹,

et al. 2007

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BACKGROUND: Dairy foods and lactose may impair fertility by affecting ovulatory function. Yet, few studies have been conducted in humans and their results are inconsistent. We evaluated whether intake of dairy foods was associated with anovulatory infertility and whether this association differed according to fat content. METHODS: We prospectively followed 18 555 married, premenopausal women without a history of infertility who attempted a pregnancy or became pregnant during an 8-year period. Diet was assessed twice during the study using food-frequency questionnaires RESULTS: During follow-up, 438 women reported infertility due to an ovulatory disorder. The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RR) [95% confidence interval (CI); P, trend] of anovulatory infertility comparing women consuming 2 servings per day to women consuming 1 serving per week was 1.85 (1.24-2.77; 0.002) for low-fat dairy foods. The RR (95% CI; P, trend) comparing women consuming 1 serving per day of high-fat dairy foods to those consuming 1 serving per week was 0.73 (0.52-1.01; 0.01). There was an inverse association between dairy fat intake and anovulatory infertility (P, trend 5 0.05). Intakes of lactose, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D were unrelated to anovulatory infertility. CONCLUSIONS: High intake of low-fat dairy foods may increase the risk of anovulatory infertility whereas intake of high-fat dairy foods may decrease this risk. Further, lactose (the main carbohydrate in milk and dairy products) may not affect fertility within the usual range of intake levels in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility

Chavarro¹,

et al. 2007

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“…Vitamin E is a major chain-breaking antioxidant and one of the primary components of the antioxidant system in sperm membranes, in which it appears to have a dosedependent effect (92). It plays a vital role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage, trapping and scavenging all 3 types of free radicals, namely superoxide, H 2 O 2 , and hydroxyl radicals (18), generated during the conversion of lipid hydroperoxides in the peroxidative chain reaction (93,94).…”

Section: Vitamins and Other Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant supplementation and purification of semen for improved artificial insemination in livestock species

Petruška¹,

Capcarová²,

Šutovský

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Improving sire reproductive performance in artificial insemination (AI) programs and maximizing the use of sires with valuable genomes are high on the list of priorities for livestock breeders in the United States and worldwide. While fixed-time AI and accurate estrous detection have already ameliorated the reproductive management of cows and sows, substantial gains remain to be made in the selection and utilization of male animals for field AI. In addition to better, more objective evaluation of breeding soundness and semen quality, numbers of spermatozoa per AI dose could be reduced and numbers of AI doses per collection could be increased without sacrificing conception rates if the fittest spermatozoa can be purified from raw semen and protected from adverse effects of dying and decaying spermatozoa present in both the fresh and the extended semen. The present article reviews recent progress in methodology for semen purification, including nanopurification and semen/extender supplementation with antioxidants.

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“…Even moderate alcohol consumption by women is associated with menstrual disruptions, such as irregular and anovulatory cycles, sexual diffi culties, and gynecological and obstetrical problems, including infertility and fetal loss (Abel, 1997;Hakim et al, 1998;Jensen et al, 1998;Kesmodel et al, 2002;Mendelson and Mello, 1998;Ryback, 1977;Wilsnack et al, 1984). In addition to menstrual disruptions (Windham et al, 1999), women who smoke show delayed conception or time to pregnancy and are at increased risk for infertility and fetal loss (Augood et al, 1998;Baird and Wilcox, 1985;Bolumar et al, 1996;Hughes and Brennan, 1996;Hull et al, 2000;Joffe and Zhimin, 1994). Similar risks from illicit drug use are also reported (Gold, 1997;Hall and Solowji, 1997;Jaffe et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins

Waldron

Heath²,

Lynskey³

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This article examines relationships between reproductive onset and lifetime history of smoking, regular smoking, and nicotine dependence, and cannabis and other illicit drug use. Method: Data were drawn from a young adult cohort of 3,386 female and 2,751 male Australian twins born between 1964 and 1971. Survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression models predicting age at fi rst childbirth from history of substance use or disorder separately by substance class. Other substance use or disorder, including alcohol dependence, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, history of psychopathology, and family and childhood risks, were included as control variables in adjusted models. Results: Regular smoking and nicotine dependence were associated with earlier reproduction, with pronounced effects for women. For women, use of cannabis was associated with early reproduction before age 20, and with delayed reproduction among women who have not reproduced by age 20 or 25. Adjustment for control variables only partially explained these associations. Conclusions: Consistent with research linking adolescent use with sexual risk taking predictive of early childbearing, regular smokers and nicotine-dependent individuals show earlier reproductive onset. In contrast, delays in childbearing associated with use of cannabis are consistent with impairments in reproductive ability and/or opportunities for reproduction. Continued research on risks both upstream and downstream of substance-use initiation and onset of substance-use disorder is needed for causal mechanisms to be fully understood. (J. Stud. Alcohol

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Delayed conception and active and passive smoking

Cited by 196 publications

References 49 publications

A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility

A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility

Antioxidant supplementation and purification of semen for improved artificial insemination in livestock species

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins

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