Delayed breastfeeding initiation and infant survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Smith, Emily R.; Hurt, Lisa; Chowdhury, Ranadip; Sinha, Bireshwar; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Edmond, Karen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180722

Cited by 259 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For children 6-23 months of age, they demonstrated up to a two-fold higher mortality (RR 1.97 [1.45-2.67]) if not breastfed, when compared to those who were. Exclusive breastfeeds are also associated with lower mortality and infection rates [33], and this impact can be seen as early as with breastfeeds given within the first hour of life [34][35][36]. Maternal awareness, education and support for breastfeeding to improve breastfeeding rates are therefore a critical part of the parent empowerment, in reducing infant mortality.…”

Section: Breastfeeding Education and Infant Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Pillay¹

2019

Neonatal Medicine

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In this chapter, the role of engaging parents, family members, partners, significant others and carers (subsequently referred to as parent-carers) as key partners in targeted strategies for reducing the risks associated with neonatal mortality is discussed, especially within the context of less resource-constrained environments. Parent-carer education, sharing information on regionally prevalent risk factors and associations with death in the first 28 days of life and in infancy, can be potentially impactful and could drive behavioural changes, while promoting acquisition of newer life-saving skills such as basic life support training. Such education can be considered participatory learning and action. It affords parent-carers the confidence and knowledge on measures to key risks in infancy, such as the risk of sudden infant death, and how to recognize when their baby may be ill, facilitating timely access to appropriate healthcare services. Potentially, these then empower parent-carers to work with health services proactively in measures to reduce the risks for neonatal mortality.mortality is explored, especially in less resource-constrained environments, by focusing on parent-carer education around risks for neonatal mortality, while using learning points from around the world. Potentially, these initiatives empower parent-carers to acquire the necessary skills to manage their baby at risk and also engage in risk-reducing behaviours for the benefit of their baby. Reducing neonatal mortality through parent-carer educationBefore embarking on parent education, understanding the risk factors for neonatal mortality is important. In poorly resourced areas, key risk factors and associations are infection, hypothermia, lack of breastfeeding, failure to recognise signs of illness in their baby and failure to provide adequate basic resuscitation at birth. Education packages focused on improving neonatal mortality therefore include information on maintaining warmth; drying; wrapping; skin-to-skin contact; supporting breastfeeding; infection prevention including handwashing, cord care, recognising signs of illness in their newborn baby and infant and basic life support [7].For neonatal teams in relatively higher resourced environments, where access to public health facilities and general maternal education are less of an issue, and most of the above are routinely adopted, what are other key risk factors and what other kinds of initiatives are needed in order to make a difference to current neonatal mortality rates, and can they work?In attempting to address this, the key risk factors here for neonatal mortality need to be identified. The most significant of these is prematurity [8][9][10]. In a report on perinatal mortality from MBRRACE on 2016 deaths, approximately 70% of all extended perinatal deaths occurred preterm, and almost 40% were in less than 28 weeks' gestation [9]. Optimising place of birth for the most vulnerable preterm births less than 26 weeks gestation at birth does reduce their mortality rates [11] and op...

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Section: Breastfeeding Education and Infant Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Pillay¹

2019

Neonatal Medicine

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“…Optimal breastfeeding is a critical intervention in the quest to ensure that all children survive and thrive 1,2 . Early breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding (meaning no other food or liquids except prescribed medications) for six months, reduce all-cause under--5--year child mortality 1,2 . However, breastfeeding can also transmit infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of CMV, HTLV-1, and HIV through breastmilk

Prendergast

Goga

Waitt

et al. 2019

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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Breastfeeding is a critical child survival intervention. The potential for transmission of some viral infections from mother-to-child, however, presents the dilemma of how best to interpret the benefits and risks of breastfeeding in different settings. Here, we compare the transmission dynamics, risk factors and outcomes of infection with three chronic viruses transmitted through breast milk: cytomegalovirus (CMV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We provide an overview of current intervention approaches and discuss scientific, policy and programming gaps in our understanding of these major global infections. Key messages: • Three viruses are known to be transmitted through breastfeeding and to result in chronic infection: CMV, HTLV-1 and HIV. • CMV transmission through breast milk mostly leads to subclinical infection, except in preterm infants in whom severe clinical disease can occur; the best preventive and treatment approaches in this group remain unclear and more data are needed on long-term sequelae. • HTLV-1 is restricted to specific geographic foci and can be transmitted from mother-to-child through breastfeeding in 10-25% of cases; the best preventive strategy is avoidance or shortening of breastfeeding where safe alternatives are available. • The absolute transmission risk of HIV through breastfeeding in the context of suppressive maternal antiretroviral therapy is now low, even over extended periods. • Guidance for infant feeding for women living with HIV varies by setting: in low-and middle-income countries, breastfeeding with suppressive ART and adherence support is recommended, while in high-income settings formula feeding is advised.

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“…4 It has been revealed in a review that initiation between 2-23 hours after birth bears a 33% greater risk of neonatal mortality compared to initiation within an hour of birth. 6 Despite of these facts, only 42% new-borns were put to breast within first hour of birth globally in 2017 (data however is unavailable for high income countries). 1 And leading barriers to early initiation include traditional feeding practices, lack of information or support and milk insufficiency, as revealed by Sharma et al in South Asia region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] India contributes more than quarter to global neonatal deaths, and breastfeeding initiation between 2-23 hours after birth bears a 33% greater risk of neonatal mortality compared to initiation within an hour of birth, early initiation therefore should be one of focused measures to further reduce neonatal mortality. 1,6 With this context, study was conducted to find the proportion of early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among recently delivered mothers in a rural area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early initiation of breastfeeding among recently delivered mothers in a rural area of Moradabad, India

Goyal

2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding defined by World Health Organization as initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, provides new-borns the best chance for survival, growth and development. Yet the rates of early initiation are still low (41.5%), varying widely in different parts of India. Present study was done to find the proportion of early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors in a rural area.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 recently delivered mothers residing in a rural area of Moradabad, who were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire with early initiation of breastfeeding as outcome variable. For statistical analysis Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used.Results: 61.64% recently delivered mothers responded that they had initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery. Early initiation was significantly lower among working mothers as compared to housewives. No significant differences in timely initiation have been found with mother age, religion and type of family. However significant association of early initiation was found between full antenatal care (ANC) and breastfeeding counselling.Conclusions: More than sixty percent mothers initiated breastfeeding within an hour of delivery. Full ANC and breastfeeding counselling can help in improving rates of early initiation.

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Delayed breastfeeding initiation and infant survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 259 publications

References 37 publications

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Parent-Carer Education: Reducing the Risks for Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Transmission of CMV, HTLV-1, and HIV through breastmilk

Early initiation of breastfeeding among recently delivered mothers in a rural area of Moradabad, India

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