Delay of gratification and executive performance in individuals with schizophrenia: Putative role for eating behavior and body weight regulation

Knolle-Veentjer, S.; Huth, Verena; Ferstl, Roman; Aldenhoff, Josef B.; Hinze-Selch, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.10.003

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The proportion of energy from discretionary foods was notably higher in the FEP (47%) and UHR (43%) cohorts compared to the general population (35%) 23 and should be examined further in larger studies as a potential independent risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other non-communicable diseases. This high intake may be attributed to a number of reasons, including both the impact of the illness itself (executive performance and negative symptoms) 24 and side effects of psychotropic medications, 22 as well as less well-documented factors, such as financial constraints and food insecurity. 25 Food addiction is an evolving field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness

Teasdale

Burrows

Hayes

et al. 2019

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and food addiction in young people with mental illness. Methods: This was a three-arm cross-sectional study of 16-25-year-olds attending community mental health services who met criteria for: (i) first-episode psychosis (FEP), (ii) ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) or (iii) depression/ anxiety. Participants self-completed three validated questionnaires: (i) Australian Eating Survey, (ii) General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire-Revised and (iii) Yale Food Addiction Score Questionnaire. Results: Thirty participants (mean age 19.7 AE 2.5 years) completed the study (10 per study arm); 43% of the energy intake was obtained from energy-dense, non-nutritious foods, higher than the recommended upper limit (<15%) and the levels reported in the general population (35%). Mean diet quality score was 33.5 AE 11.8 of 73. Mean food addiction symptom score was 3.3 AE 3.7. Prevalence of food addiction was 37%. Nutrition knowledge was lower in the FEP and UHR participants than the depression/anxiety group (48.2 AE 13.8 and 49.5 AE 8.2 of 88 respectively); however, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Unhealthy dietary intake was observed in the early stages of mental illness, likely seeding future poor physical health. Further research is needed on the role of food addiction in this population, including effective intervention techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness

Teasdale

Burrows

Hayes

et al. 2019

Nutrition & Dietetics

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“…This test included four decision tasks, and every decision task involved different types of rewards (e.g., snacks, hypothetical money, real money, and magazines). The snacks' task was adapted from Knolle-Veentjer et al ( 2008 ), and the real money task was adapted from Wulfert et al ( 2002 ). The experimenter and each participant took turns in moving a counter through the streets of a fictitious city.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay of Gratification, Delay Discounting and their Associations with Age, Episodic Future Thinking, and Future Time Perspective

et al. 2018

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The delay of gratification (DoG) in children is widely investigated with an experimental procedure originally called the “marshmallow test,” whereas the studies on self-regulation (SR) in adolescents and adults usually use self-report questionnaires. Delay discounting (DD) measures simplify the DoG procedure and focus on monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate age differences in DoG and DD from childhood to old age using a test that is suitable for both children and adults. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the association between DoG/DD and two future orientation constructs [future time perspective (FTP) and episodic future thinking (EFT)] as well as age differences in these constructs. Participants from five age groups (9–14, 18–25, 35–55, 65–80, 80+) participated in the study (N = 96). While we found no age difference for DoG, DD was the lowest [i.e., self-control (SC) was the highest] in young/middle adults; however, it was the highest (i.e., SC was the lowest) in children and old/oldest adults. Furthermore, we found significant age differences for DD and FTP. As predicted, there were strong correlations between DoG and FTP and between DD and FTP, but not between DoG/DD and EFT. These results indicate that age differences in SR vary across the measures used. Individuals who generally think and act in a future-oriented manner have a stronger ability to delay gratification.

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“…It is well known that executive functions are necessary to successfully manage eating behavior, and their impairment and disturbed weight regulation are often observed in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. A recent pilot study showed that a delay of gratification and executive performance in individuals with schizophrenia may play a putative role for eating behavior and body weight regulation [10]. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that general obesity is linked to adverse neurocognitive outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of appetite in predicting weight changes during treatment with olanzapine

et al. 2010

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BackgroundClinically significant weight gain has been reported during treatment with atypical antipsychotics. It has been suggested that weight changes in patients treated with olanzapine may be associated with increased appetite.MethodsData were used from adult patients for whom both appetite and weight data were available from 4 prospective, 12- to 24-week clinical trials. Patients' appetites were assessed with Eating Behavior Assessment (EBA, Study 1), Platypus Appetite Rating Scale (PARS, Study 2), Eating Inventory (EI, Study 3), Food Craving Inventory (FCI, Study 3), and Eating Attitude Scale (EAS, Study 4).ResultsIn Studies 1 (EBA) and 4 (EAS), patients who reported overall score increases on appetite scales, indicating an increase in appetite, experienced the greatest overall weight gains. However, in Studies 2 (PARS) and 3 (EI, FCI), patients who reported overall score increases on appetite scales did not experience greater weight changes than patients not reporting score increases. Early weight changes (2-4 weeks) were more positively correlated with overall weight changes than early or overall score changes on any utilized appetite assessment scale. No additional information was gained by adding early appetite change to early weight change in correlation to overall weight change.ConclusionsEarly weight changes may be a more useful predictor for long-term weight changes than early score changes on appetite assessment scales.Clinical Trials RegistrationThis report represents secondary analyses of 4 clinical studies. Studies 1, 2, and 3 were registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home, under NCT00190749, NCT00303602, and NCT00401973, respectively. Study 4 predates the registration requirements for observational studies that are not classified as category 1 observational studies.

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Delay of gratification and executive performance in individuals with schizophrenia: Putative role for eating behavior and body weight regulation

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness

Dietary intake, food addiction and nutrition knowledge in young people with mental illness

Delay of Gratification, Delay Discounting and their Associations with Age, Episodic Future Thinking, and Future Time Perspective

The potential role of appetite in predicting weight changes during treatment with olanzapine

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