Delay in Specimen Processing- Major Source of Preanalytical Variation in Serum Electrolytes

Baruah, Ankur; Goyal, Parul; Sinha, Subrata; Ramesh, K; Datta, Rashmirasi

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/10150.5285

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Temperature sensitive significant changes were observed on creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, potassium, AST and ALT on stored whole blood at 3, 10, 15, 22, 25, 30 and 38 0 C for 24h before serum-clot separation [4,10,18,20]. In this study CRT was stable up to day 2 on Dimension® CCS at day 1-4 and day 10; and, up to day 3 on Cobas 8000® platform.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…Therefore, key to providing precise, accurate and reliable test results is the pre-analytical sample storage temperature at phlebotomy site, transportation to a laboratory and at the laboratory [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Ideally, serum should be separated within 30 minutes of collection but an interval of 2h is still acceptable to avoid increased activity of the red cells and transmembrane diffusion, which causes changes in the concentrations of serum analytes [4,[7][8]10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to overcome this challenge, Johannesburg Health District and the National Health Laboratory Service agreed on a model to collect and transport samples in bulk from individual primary healthcare facilities to a central laboratory to ease healthcare costs. Often this takes 3 to 6h to reach the laboratory, which is longer than the 2h recommended in the WHO guidelines [4,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often the extraanalytical factors such as different transportation conditions, prolonged storage at high or low temperature, improper handling that may affect analysis process are not monitored. Previous studies showed that prolonged storage of whole blood samples lead to deterioration in stability of most analytes when subjected to different time-point measurements [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Studies showed stability for a wide range of plasma analytes on blood samples kept at 21 0 C [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Large Academic Hospital Laboratory Investigates a Major Pre-Analytical Challenge in Africa and Developing Countries

Buthelezi¹,

Marule²,

Motlonye³

et al. 2019

PLM

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Background: Delay in serum separation from red blood cells in samples collected from most primary healthcare facilities and transported to a laboratory for analysis is of great concern. Standard guidelines state that serum or plasma should be separated from cells within 2 hours of collection. The aim was to determine effects of delayed sample separation on measured biochemical analytes. The objective was to store blood samples in primary collection tubes at 20-25°C post venesection, then separate, and analyse samples of selected analytes. Methods: Multiple sample tubes of whole blood were collected from one of the authors volunteer, and subjected to time delays in centrifugation. The baseline serum was separated from red blood cells within 30 minutes of post venesection to allow adequate coagulation. Twenty analytes were studied using 2 analytical platforms. Percentage variation and standard error method were used to evaluate time-dependent variability in analytes. Total change limit was used to measure significant changes within-run variability for both platforms. Results: Most analytes were stable up to day 3 to 4 on both platforms. Serum CO 2 , CL, Ca, ALT and ALB were stable up to 8 days when they were measured on Cobas 8000®. BUN, TRIG, TB, CHOL, AST, ALT and ALB were stable up to 10 days on Dimension® CCS. K showed significant changes at 2h on both platforms at initial measurements. It was out-of-range at day 10 on Dimension® CCS. Serum creatinine levels showed substantial changes at day 2 on Dimension® analyzer and on Cobas 8000® at day 3. Conclusions: The study showed stability of wide range of serum analytes at 20-25°C for several days. The acceptable results can be achieved if samples are centrifuged the same day and analyzed later for most of biochemical analytes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Large Academic Hospital Laboratory Investigates a Major Pre-Analytical Challenge in Africa and Developing Countries

Buthelezi¹,

Marule²,

Motlonye³

et al. 2019

PLM

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“…Degradation of PPi to phosphate is catalyzed by tissue-nonspecific ALP. Our previous study and reports from others showed that ALP is up-regulated in calcified aorta and VSMCs [ 28 , 39 – 41 ]. In the present study, we found that the disorders of PPi metabolism appeared in rats with hypercholesterolemia and in ox-LDL treated RVSMCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Calpain-1 Mediated Disorder of Pyrophosphate Metabolism Contributes to Vascular Calcification Induced by oxLDL

et al. 2015

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We previously reported that oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) accelerated the calcification in aorta of rats and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RVSMCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the acceleration remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of calpain-1, Ca2+-sensitive intracellular cysteine proteases, in the vascular calcification of rats treated with both high dose of vitamin D2 and high cholesterol diet. The results showed that calpain activity significantly increased in calcified aortic tissue of rats and RVSMCs treated with oxLDL. Specific calpain inhibitor I (CAI, 0.5mg/kg, intraperitoneal) inhibited the vascular calcification in rats with hypercholesterolemia accompanied by the increase in the level of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), the endogenous inhibitor of vascular calcification. In addition, CAI increased the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), decreased the activity, mRNA and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced the production of superoxide anion in calcified aortic tissue. CAI also increased the activity of ATP synthase as well as protein expression of ATP5D, δ subunit of ATP synthase. In the in vitro study, suppression of calpain-1 using siRNA assay inhibited the calcium deposition, increased the levels of PPi and ATP, improved the activity of ATP synthase as well as protein expression of ATP5D in RVSMCs treated with oxLDL. Calpain-1 suppression also decreased the activity, mRNA and protein expression of ALP and reduced the mitochondrial ROS (Mito-ROS) production in RVSMCs. However, mito-TEMPO, the mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger, reduced the calcium deposition, increased the PPi in culture medium, decreased the activity, mRNA and protein expression of ALP in RVSMCs treated with oxLDL. Taken together, the results suggested that calpain-1 activation plays critical role in vascular calcification caused by oxLDL, which might be mediated by PPi metabolism disorder. The results also implied that Mito-ROS might contribute to the PPi metabolism disorder through regulation of the activity and expression of ALP.

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Cold shock and its effect on biochemical indices, cortisol and electrolyte changes in Chao Phraya catfish, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931

Sutthi

Panase²,

Phinrub³

et al. 2022

Comp Clin Pathol

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Delay in Specimen Processing- Major Source of Preanalytical Variation in Serum Electrolytes

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Large Academic Hospital Laboratory Investigates a Major Pre-Analytical Challenge in Africa and Developing Countries

Large Academic Hospital Laboratory Investigates a Major Pre-Analytical Challenge in Africa and Developing Countries

Calpain-1 Mediated Disorder of Pyrophosphate Metabolism Contributes to Vascular Calcification Induced by oxLDL

Cold shock and its effect on biochemical indices, cortisol and electrolyte changes in Chao Phraya catfish, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931

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