Delay dependence for the origin of the nonlinear derived transient evoked otoacoustic emission

Withnell, Robert H.; Mckinley, S.

doi:10.1121/1.1798352

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Basal generation of SL TEOAE components is broadly consistent with the hypothesis that the components are generated through intermodulation distortion induced by cochlear interactions between different-frequency components in the evoking-stimulus' bandwidth (Withnell and Yates 1998;Withnell and McKinley 2005;Withnell et al 2008;Goodman et al 2009;Moleti et al 2012). However, if generated through intermodulation distortion, SL contributions to the OAE would be expected to decrease as the spectral bandwidth of the evoking stimulus decreases-recent work has failed to show such an effect Lewis and Goodman 2014).…”

Section: Generation Mechanisms Of Teoae Componentssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…SL components grow less compressively than their LL counterparts, with the effect that the largest contribution to the total TEOAE (i.e., the TEOAE analyzed across a time window spanning all components) shifts from the LL component at low stimulus levels to SL components at high stimulus levels (Withnell and McKinley 2005;Goodman et al 2009;. The latencies of the different components are approximately level invariant and separated in time by a factor of 1.6 (Carvalho et al 2003;Goodman et al 2011;Moleti et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(In this paper, the term "tonotopic place" refers to the place of maximum basilar membrane, BM, vibration for low-level stimuli.) The generation mechanism and place of the SL components are less certain, with both intermodulation distortion and basal coherent reflection being hypothesized (Withnell and McKinley 2005;Withnell et al 2008;Goodman et al 2009Goodman et al , 2011Moleti et al 2012;Moleti et al 2013). The latencies of the SL components imply generation basal to the tonotopic place; however, the basal-extent of such contributions is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Lewis

Goodman

2014

JARO

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The presence of short-latency (SL), less compressivegrowing components in bandpass-filtered transientevoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) waveforms may implicate contributions from cochlear regions basal to the tonotopic place. Recent empirical work suggests a region of SL generation between ∼1/5 and 1/10-octave basal to the TEOAE frequency's tonotopic place. However, this estimate may be biased to regions closer to the tonotopic place as the TEOAE extraction technique precluded measurement of components with latencies shorter than ∼5 ms. Using a variant of the non-linear, double-evoked extraction paradigm that permitted extraction of components with latencies as early as 1 ms, the current study empirically estimated the spatial-extent of the cochlear region contributing to 2 kHz SL TEOAE components. TEOAEs were evoked during simultaneous presentation of a suppressor stimulus, in order to suppress contributions to the TEOAE from different places along the cochlear partition. Three or four different-latency components of similar frequency content (∼2 kHz) were identified for most subjects. Component latencies ranged from 1.4 to 9.6 ms; latency was predictive of the component's growth rate and the suppressor frequency to which the component's magnitude was most sensitive to change. As component latency decreased, growth became less compressive and suppressor-frequency sensitivity shifted to higher frequencies. The shortest-latency components were most sensitive to suppressors approximately 3/5-octave higher than their nominal frequency of 2 kHz. These results are consistent with a distributed region of generation extending to approximately 3/5-octave basal to the TEOAE frequency's tonotopic place. The empirical estimates of TEOAE generation are similar to model-based estimates where generation of the different-latency components occurs through linear reflection from impedance discontinuities distributed across the cochlear partition.

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Section: Generation Mechanisms Of Teoae Componentssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Lewis

Goodman

2014

JARO

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“…All of these findings suggest that the generators of individual TEOAE frequency components may in fact be distributed along the length of the BM. Most recently, Withnell and McKinley (2005) suggest that, at least in the guinea pig, relatively early TEOAE components are generated by a mechanism distributed along the BM, while relatively late components have local, "place-fixed" origins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Killan

Kapadia

2006

Hearing Research

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There is conflict in the literature over whether individual frequency components of a transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) are generated within relatively independent "channels" along the basilar membrane (BM), or whether each component may be generated by widespread areas of the BM. Two previous studies on TEOAE suppression are consistent with generation within largely independent channels, but with a degree of interaction between nearby channels. However, both these studies reported significant suppression only at high stimulus levels, at which the "nonlinear" presentation paradigm was used. The present study clarifies the separate influences of stimulus level and presentation paradigm on this type of suppression. TEOAEs were recorded using stimulus tonebursts at 1, 2 and 3 kHz and a complex stimulus consisting of a digital addition of the three tonebursts, over a range of stimulus levels and both "linear" and "nonlinear" presentation paradigms. Responses to the individual tonebursts were combined offline and compared with responses to the complex stimuli. Results clearly demonstrate that TEOAE suppression under these conditions is dependent upon stimulus level, and not upon presentation paradigm. It is further argued that the data support the "local" rather than "widespread" model of TEOAE generation, subject to nonlinear interactions between nearby generation channels.Killan EC Simultaneous Suppression of TBOAEs 3

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“…The first component is characterised by its short latency and near-linear amplitude growth with stimulus level (e.g. Withnell and McKinley, 2005;Withnell et al, 2008;Goodman et al, 2011;Moleti et al, 2012). Because of its short latency, this component is assumed to be generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane (BM) via two possible mechanisms; nonlinear intermodulation distortion (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

2015

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Tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emission (TBOAE) components measured in response to a 1 kHz tone burst (TB 1 ) are suppressed by the simultaneous presence of an additional tone burst (TB 2 ). This "simultaneous suppression of TBOAEs" has been explained in terms of a mechanism based on local nonlinear interactions between the basilar membrane (BM) travelling waves caused by TB 1 and TB 2 . A test of this local nonlinear interaction (LNI)-based mechanism, as a function of the frequency separation ( f, expressed in kHz) between TB 1 and TB 2 , has previously been reported by Killan et al. (2012) using a simple mathematical model [Killan et al., Hear. Res. 285, 58-64 (2012)]. The two experiments described in this paper add additional data on the extent to which the LNI-based mechanism can account for simultaneous suppression, by testing two further hypotheses derived from the model predictions. Experiment I tested the hypothesis that TBOAE suppression is directly linked to TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity where ears that exhibit a higher degree of amplitude nonlinearity yield greater suppression than more linear ears, and this relationship varies systematically as a function of f. In order to test this hypothesis simultaneous suppression at a range of values of f at 60 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level (p.e. SPL) and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity from normal human ears was measured. In Experiment II the hypothesis that suppression will also increase progressively as a function of increasing tone burst level was tested by measuring suppression for a range of f and tone burst levels at 40, 50, 60 and 70 dB p.e. SPL. The majority of the findings from both experiments provide support for the LNI-based mechanism being primarily responsible for simultaneous suppression. However, some data were inconsistent with this view. Specifically, a breakdown in the relationship between suppression and TBOAE amplitude nonlinearity at f = 1 (i.e. when TB 2 was reasonably well separated from, and had a higher frequency than TB 1 ) 3 and unexpected level-dependence, most notably at f = 1, but also where f = −0.5, was observed. Either the LNI model is too simple or an alternative explanation, involving response components generated at basal regions of the basilar membrane, is required to account for these findings.

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Delay dependence for the origin of the nonlinear derived transient evoked otoacoustic emission

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Basal Contributions to Short-Latency Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Components

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Further tests of the local nonlinear interaction-based mechanism for simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions

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