Delay-Aware Accident Detection and Response System Using Fog Computing

Abstract

Emergencies, by definition, are unpredictable and rapid response is a key requirement in emergency management. Globally, a significant number of deaths occur each year, caused by excessive delays in rescue activities. Vehicles embedded with sophisticated technologies, along with roads equipped with advanced infrastructure, can play a vital role in the timely identification and notification of roadside incidents. However, such infrastructure and technologically-rich vehicles are rarely available in less developed countries. Hence, in such countries, low-cost solutions are required to address the issue. Systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have begun to be used to detect and report roadside incidents. The majority of the systems designed for this purpose involve the use of the cloud to compute, manage, and store information. However, the centralization and remoteness of cloud resources can result in an increased delay that raises serious concerns about its feasibility in emergency situations; in life-threatening situations, all delays should be minimized where feasible. To address the problem of latency, fog computing has emerged as a middleware paradigm that brings the cloud-like resources closer to end devices. In light of this, the research proposed here leverages the advantages of sophisticated features of smartphones and fog computing to propose and develop a low-cost and delay-aware accident detection and response system, which we term Emergency Response and Disaster Management System (ERDMS). An Android application is developed that utilizes smartphone sensors for the detection of incidents. When an accident is detected, a plan of action is devised. Initially, a nearby hospital is located using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The emergency department of the hospital is notified about the accident that directs an ambulance to the accident site. In addition, the family contacts of the victim are also informed about the accident. All the required computation is performed on the nearby available fog nodes. Moreover, the proposed scheme is simulated using iFogSim to evaluate and compare the performance using fog nodes and cloud data centers. INDEX TERMS Accident detection, fog computing, mobile edge computing, cloud computing, Internet of Things, emergency alerts, disaster management system.

Iqrar: An Intelligent, Quick and Rapid Accident Response System

“…The proposed approach is validated through simulations and comparisons are drawn using the dataset of road accidents obtained from the Road Safety Open Repository. Similar to the research work by Khan et al, 2018 andDar et al, 2019, this system's performance and efficiency too depends on the accuracy of the attached sensors.…”

“…The research proposed by Dar et al, 2019 combines the sophisticated features of smartphones and fog computing for developing an Emergency Response and Disaster Management System. An Android application is developed for detecting an accident using sensors fitted on the smartphone and the nearby hospital is located using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a notification is sent to it.…”

IoT-Fog based Smart-Building Security System Design and Performance Evaluation

“…Dar et al (2018a) has presented an automated accident detection and response system which makes use of fog computing to decrease response time. System evaluation by iFogSim toolkit is introduced in (Dar et al, 2019;2018b). Sarkar and Kumar (2019) have developed and simulated a fog based intelligent security system using the PTZ controller.…”

A Novel Extension for e-Safety Initiative Based on Developed Fusion of Biometric Traits

“…After incident detection, mobile application informs the rescue teams, police and relatives. In work [19] an Android application was designed for the detection of accidents. After detection, a plan of action is initiated including locating a nearby hospital using GPS and notifying the emergency department and the family contacts of the victim.…”