“…Proinflammatory factors lead to apoptosis in lung epithelial and endothelial cells [ 20 ], whereas activation of the Nrf2 pathway attenuates cell apoptosis [ 21 ]. Nrf2 also has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ 22 ]. However, whether 3-MA can alleviate ALI by modulating the levels of apoptosis through the PKCα and Nrf2 pathways has not been fully elucidated.…”