Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles - Novel serum biomarkers in whales and orca

Abstract

The Open University's repository of research publications and other research outputs Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles-novel serum biomarkers in whales and Orca

Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

“…ECM-receptor interaction KEGG pathways have been identified in cancer [193] and enrichment for this pathway has been reported mesenchymal stem cell EVs [194]. Regulation of ECM-receptor interactions via post-translational deimination has recently been identified by our group via enrichment of deiminated proteins in KEGG pathways for ECM-receptor interactions in the fin whale, a long-lived cancer-resistant animal [96], in the alligator, an animal with unusual antibacterial and anti-viral responses [93], in the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), also an unusually long-lived bird for an avian species [99], as well as in aggressive brain cancer cells [100]. In the cow, ECM-receptor interactions are amongst other related to depot-specific adipogenesis [195] and found to be over-represented in specific cattle breeds [196].…”

“…It must be noted that neither anti-human PAD1 nor PAD6 antibodies were tested against bovine sera in the current study. The anti-human antibodies have previously been shown to cross-react with PADs from diverse taxa, with PAD2, which is considered the phylogenetically most conserved isoform, predominantly cross-reacting best with other species, including bony and cartilaginous fish, birds, mole-rat, alligator, camelids, cetaceans and pinnipeds [15][16][17]92,93,[96][97][98][99].…”

“…C3 is the central component of the complement cascade and has furthermore been implicated in tissue remodeling during teleost ontogeny [121][122][123][124] as well as in regeneration [125]. A range of complement proteins have recently been identified by our group to be deiminated in a range of taxa throughout the phylogenetic tree including teleost and cartilaginous fish, camelids, cetaceans, pinnipeds, camelids and peglagic seabirds [16,17,[91][92][93][94][95][96]98,99]. The bovine complement system [126] has been widely studied, including in immune defences against bovine anaplasmosis [127], in relation to heat-stress in dairy cows [128], susceptibility to bacterial infection relating to copper-deficiency [129].…”

“…In the cow, adiponectin is a known glycoprotein and has been assessed in bovine tissues as well as body fluids [179] and amongst other been identified as a pro-survival signal in ER stress in the mammary gland [180]. Adiponectin has recently been identified as a deimination candidate in several taxa with unusual metabolism, including camelids, the naked mole-rat, orca and alligator [92,93,96,98]. A range of apolipoproteins was furthermore identified to be deiminated in the current study in cow serum and serum-EVs.…”

“…Roles for selenoproteins in the regulation of the contraction and relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle have furthermore been identified [192]. Sepp1 is known to be glycosylated, and recently it has been identified as a deimination candidate in cetaceans, pinnipeds and alligators [93,96,97]. The contribution of deimination in the functional diversity and conserved functions of Sepp1 throughout phylogeny will remain to be further investigated.…”