Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics.  1.  NADH voltammetry

Kuhr, Werner G.; Barrett, Valerie L.; Gagnon, Michelle R.; Hopper, Phillip.; Pantano, Paul

doi:10.1021/ac00053a022

Cited by 60 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…102,103 Such developments suggest future directions for carbon nanotube-based devices. Recently, a nanofabricated carbon-based detector (NACAD) has been constructed, capable of measuring the secretion from a single secretory vesicle (the spherical structure that stores transmitters).…”

Section: Modified Carbon Nanotubes For Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Bekyarova

Ni²,

Malarkey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

247

147

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Due to their electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising materials for the electronics, computer and aerospace industries. Here, we discuss their properties in the context of future applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. The purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with organic, polymeric and biological molecules are discussed. Additionally we review their uses in biosensors, assembly of structures and devices, scanning probe microscopy and as substrates for neuronal growth. We note that additional toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes are necessary so that exposure guidelines and safety regulations can be established in a timely manner. KeywordsCarbon Nanotubes; Structure; Purification; Modification; Biosensors; Assembly of Structures and Devices; Scanning Probe Tips; Nanosurgery; Substrates for Neuronal Growth Although nanomaterials have existed in nature long before mankind was able to identify forms at the nanoscale level, advances in synthetic chemistry have been one of the driving forces in the development of a biological nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have been designed for a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications, including bone growth, 1 enzyme encapsulation, 2 biosensors 3, 4 and as vesicles for DNA delivery into living cells. 5,6 Whereas nanotechnology may provide novel materials which can result in revolutionary new structures and devices, biotechnology already offers extremely sophisticated tools to precisely position molecules and assemble hierarchal structures and devices. The application of the principles of biology to nanotechnology provides a valuable route for further miniaturization and performance improvement of artificial devices. The feasibility of the bottom-up approach which is based on molecular recognition and self-assembly properties of proteins has already been proved in many inorganic-organic hybrid systems and devices. Nanodevices with biorecognition properties provide tools at a scale, which offers a tremendous opportunity to study biochemical processes and to manipulate living cells at the single molecule level. The synergetic future of nano-and bio-technologies holds great promise for further advancement in tissue engineering, prostheses, genomics, pharmacogenomics, drug delivery, surgery and general medicine.*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptEver since Edison discovered that carbon changes its resistance with pressure and a carbon filament glows when an electric current is passed through it, the unique properties of carbon have intrigued scientists. After more than a century of interest, carbon has found its apogee in the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-arguably the most promising of all nanomaterials. Because of their unique quasi one-dimensional structure and fascinating mechanical and electronic properties, CNTs have captured the attention of physicists...

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Section: Modified Carbon Nanotubes For Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Bekyarova

Ni²,

Malarkey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

247

147

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“…The output of the lock-in amplifier was passed to an oscilloscope (Model 3 10, Nicolet Instrument Corp., Madison, WI) which then digitized and stored the data. The flow injection anatysis (FIA) apparatus has been described previously [26]. The FIA cell was modified to provide a shorter distance ( < 0.5 cm) between the working and reference electrode.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic voltammetry with harmonic lock‐in detection: Applications to flow streams

Cullison

Kuhr

1996

Electroanalysis

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The second harmonic frequency is monitored using a conventional lock-in amplifier in a continuous scan cyclic voltammetric experiment. The background charging current is predominantly composed of odd harmonic frequencies, while the analyte Faradaic signal is composed of both odd and even harmonic frequencies. By 'locking-in' on the second harmonic frequency one can isolate the Faradaic current from the charging current in the frequency domain. Model compounds (hexaammineruthenium(iii) chloride, ferrocene) at carbon and gold microelectrodes a s well as carbohydrates at copper microelectrodes were examined in flow injection analysis experiments. Limits of detection an order of magnitude lower than D C amperometry were observed.

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“…Devido às suas propriedades e características, este tipo de eletrodo tem se tornado uma ferramenta decisiva nas análises e determinações de: (a) contaminantes ambientais 1,2 , (b) moléculas bioquímicas, incluindo medicamentos [3][4][5][6] , (c) metais pesados ou substâncias tóxicas em alimentos [7][8][9] , etc. Além disto, vários processos eletródicos têm sido estudados sob uma nova ótica, originada da utilização dos UME.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ultramicroeletrodos. Parte II: construção e aplicações

et al. 1998

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Recebido em 16/10/96; aceito em 14/1/97 ULTRAMICROELECTRODES. PART II: CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATIONS. This work describes the techniques of construction and several applications of ultramicroelectrodes in electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry. Disc shaped UME are produced by embedding metal wires on insulating materials such as glass or epoxy resin. In the field of electrochemistry, UME have been applied in studies of the hydrogen evolution reaction and the electrocrystallization of metals. The negligible values of sensibility for ohmic drop and the enhanced mass transport rate by spherical diffusion are the main advantages of UME in these applications. New important conclusions regarding the phenomena under study were drawn from the experimental results. The applications in electroanalytical chemistry involved the determination of contaminants such as heavy metals and nitrites in natural waters and food products. The use of UME requires little sample manipulation and, in general, no need for oxygen removal or the addition of supporting electrolytes.

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Dehydrogenase-modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics. 1. NADH voltammetry

Cited by 60 publications

References 10 publications

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Cyclic voltammetry with harmonic lock‐in detection: Applications to flow streams

Ultramicroeletrodos. Parte II: construção e aplicações

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