Eugenol and isoeugenol, two components of clover oil, have been reported to possess several biomedical properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol, isoeugenol and four of their derivatives on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), and to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We found that two derivatives, eugenolol and glyceryl-isoeugenol, had potent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced up regulation of nitrite levels, iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA. In addition, they both suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and Interleukin-If (IL-l~) induced by LPS. Moreover, they both attenuated the DNA binding of NF-KB and AP-l, phosphorylation of inhibitory KBa (IKBa), and nuclear translocation of p65 protein induced by LPS. Finally, we demonstrated that glyceryl-isoeugenol suppressed the phosphorylation of ERKl/2, JNK and p38 MAPK, whereas eugenolol suppressed the phosphorylation of ERKl/2 and p38 MAPK. Taken together, these results suggest that that eugenolol and glyceryl-isoeugenol suppress LPS-induced iNOS expression by down-regulating NF-KB and AP-l through inhibition ofMAPKs and AktlIKBa signaling pathways. Thus, this study implies that eugenolol and glyceryl-isoeugenol may provide therapeutic benefits for inflammatory diseases.An expanding body of literature indicates that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key mediator activated by the inflammatory process and can produce a large amount of NO, causing detrimental effects in patients with chronic inflammation (1-2). Macrophage is one of the most important cells contributing to NO production during inflammatory responses. Expression of the iNOS in macrophages is regulated by many transcriptional factors, including nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), activator protein-l (AP-l), interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription I (STATl). In particular,