Dehydration process influences the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Galium aparine L.

Abstract

A B S T R A C TGalium aparine L. is a very disseminated plant in temperate zones, commonly known as clivers or bedstraw, belonging to the Rubiaceae family and it is traditionally used for its medicinal applications. In this study, G. aparine hydromethanolic extracts and infusions were prepared from air-dried and freeze-dried samples in order to assess their phenolic profile, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. All the studied extracts revealed a similar phenolic profile, but the hydromethanolic extract obtained from the freeze-dried sample presented the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, followed by the respective infusion and the airdried sample hydromethanolic extract. The major compound detected in the extracts was 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (from 145 to 163 mg/g extract). Regarding the bioactivity, in general, the extracts presenting higher phenolic concentrations also revealed enhanced bioactive properties. The EC 50 values obtained in the antioxidant activity assays ranged from 13.5 to 884 μg/mL, with the freeze-dried sample hydromethanolic extract presenting the highest activity (13.5-555 μg/mL). Similar conclusions could be made in terms of antimicrobial properties, with this extract showing the lowest MIC (1.85-15 mg/mL), MBC (3.75-7.5 mg/mL), and MFC (3.75-20 mg/mL) values. None of the extracts revealed cytotoxicity. The results obtained in this study suggested that G. aparine extracts can be a good source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Multivariate Analysis Illuminates the Effects of Vacuum Drying on the Extractable and Nonextractable Polyphenols Profile of Loquat Fruit

“…Currently, numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of drying processes on extractable polyphenols (EPs) of fruits (Bustos, Rocha‐Parra, Sampedro, de Pascual‐Teresa, & León, ; Senio et al., ; Sukadeetad, Nakbanpote, Heinrich, & Nuengchamnong, ). However, a whole polyphenol fingerprint should include the EPs and nonextractable polyphenols (NEPs).…”

“…However, the fresh loquat fruit is a perishable plant food as it contains a large proportion of water, leading to great economic losses (Elsafy, 2014;Zhou, Li, Sun, Xu, & Chen, 2011). Furthermore, loquat fruit harvest season is brief in the early summer and therefore the fresh fruit is not acquired throughout the Currently, numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of drying processes on extractable polyphenols (EPs) of fruits (Bustos, Rocha-Parra, Sampedro, de Pascual-Teresa, & León, 2018;Senio et al, 2018;Sukadeetad, Nakbanpote, Heinrich, & Nuengchamnong, 2018). However, a whole polyphenol fingerprint should include the EPs and nonextractable polyphenols (NEPs).…”

Bioactive properties and phytochemical assessment of Bacupari-anão (Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.) leaves native to Rondônia, Brazil

“…Significant antioxidant activity of ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from G. brasiliensis, prepared by sonication, was reported by Saroni et al 9 The authors suggest that these results are due to the contribution of the redox-active bioflavonoid present in the extracts and several studies have also suggested a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of medicinal plants and their phenolic composition. 3,20,21 The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of each extract fraction was evaluated by measuring NO inhibition. The most effective fraction was the dichloromethane fraction (EC 50 , 83 ± 9 μg mL −1 ), closely followed by the hexane fraction (EC 50 , 112 ± 9 μg mL −1 ), and lastly by the ethyl acetate extract (EC 50 , 205 ± 9 μg mL −1 ).…”

“…Thus, medicinal plants have been recognized as an alternative medicine since ancient times. 3 The Amazon rainforest is present in nine countries of South America (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana) with 60% present in the Brazilian territory. 4 Ethnopharmacological fieldstudies have identified several medicinal species popularly used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.…”

THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L.

“…Galium aparine L. is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family, widely grown in Europe and Asia ( Senio et al 2018). It is a natural antioxidant containing anthraquinones, iridoids, alkanes, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic acids and it is used in treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer and hypertension (Saeed & Javed 2007).…”