Dehydration of d-fructose to levulinic acid over LZY zeolite catalyst

Jow, Jinder; Rorrer, Gregory L.; Hawley, Martin C.; Lamport, Derek T. A.

doi:10.1016/0144-4565(87)90046-1

Cited by 111 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In contrast, reactions of water-soluble sugars with solid acid catalysts have been extensively studied [8,14,65,78,87,88,115]. In general, the heterogeneous catalytic system could convert water-soluble sugars to organic acids by shape-selective, solid acid-catalyzed processes at low temperatures.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Organic Acids in Aqueous Media

Lin

Liu

et al. 2014

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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The transition from today's fossil-based economy to a sustainable economy based on renewable biomass is driven by the concern of climate change and anticipation of dwindling fossil resources. Although biofuels are the central theme of the transition, biomass resources cannot completely replace petroleum. It is projected that biofuels can only supply up to 30 % of today's transportation fuel market even if all available domestic biomass resources are used for the production of liquid fuels. Therefore, transformation of biomass into high-value-added chemicals is advantageous to secure optimal use of the abundant, but limited, biomass resources from the economical and ecological perspective. Industry is increasingly considering bio-based chemical production as an attractive area for investment. The potential for chemical and polymer production from biomass is substantial. The US Department of Energy recently issued a report which listed 12 chemical building blocks considered as potential building blocks for the future. Organic acids (e.g., succinic, lactic, levulinic acid, etc.) are among the widely spread ''platform-molecules,'' which may be further converted into possibly derivable high-value-added chemicals. The transition from a fossil chemical industry to a renewable chemical industry will likewise depend on our ability to focus research and development efforts on the most promising alternatives. In this chapter, we review the emerging technologies on catalytic conversion of biomass to value-added organic acids in aqueous media.

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Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Organic Acids in Aqueous Media

Lin

Liu

et al. 2014

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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“…Th e use of LZY zeolite catalyst for the formation of levulinic acid from fructose achieved the highest yields of up to 43 mol%. 97 Corma et al 5 are of the view that the selectivity of the zeolite catalyst to levulinic acid formation may be due to reactions occurring within the pores of the zeolite in addition to those occurring on the outer surface of the zeolite particles. As shown in Table 3 very poor results were obtained for glucose and cellulose implying that the same would be obtained with lignocellulosics.…”

Section: Solid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

Rackemann

Doherty

2011

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

580

361

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Biomass represents an abundant and relatively low cost carbon resource that can be utilized to produce platform chemicals such as levulinic acid. Current processing technology limits the cost-effective production of levulinic acid in commercial quantities from biomass. The key to improving the yield and effi ciency of levulinic acid production from biomass lies in the ability to optimize and isolate the intermediate products at each step of the reaction pathway and reduce re-polymerization and side reactions. New technologies (including the use of microwave irradiation and ionic liquids) and the development of highly selective catalysts would provide the necessary step change for the optimization of key reactions. A processing environment that allows the use of biphasic systems and/or continuous extraction of products would increase reaction rates, yields and product quality. This review outlines the chemistry of levulinic acid synthesis and discusses current and potential technologies for producing levulinic acid from lignocellulosics.

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“…The heterogenous catalytic system has several advantages, including selective, recyclable and regeneration abilities, and it is also easier to separate (Chen et al 2011;Rackemann and Doherty 2011). However, low levulinic acid yields were reported previously under prolonged reaction time and high reaction temperature (Jow et al 1987;Lourvanij and Rorrer 1993;Zeng et al 2010). Therefore, further studies on better reactive catalysts are still needed to comprehend the catalytic activities for the formation of levulinic acid from biomass sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

Ya’aini

Amin

2013

BioResources

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The catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid in ionic liquid, [EMIM][Cl] was conducted using a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst (1:1 ratio) with equal CrCl 3 and HY zeolite weight ratios was synthesized using a wet impregnation method. Initially, optimization of cellulose as a model compound was carried out using two-level full factorial design ( 2 3 ) with two centre points. Under optimum process conditions, 46.0% of levulinic acid yield was produced from cellulose. Subsequently, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass demonstrated 15.5% and 15.0% of levulinic acid yield from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf, respectively, at the optimum conditions. Meanwhile, in the presence of ionic liquid under the same process conditions, 20.0% and 17.0% of levulinic acid were obtained for EFB and kenaf, respectively. The results indicated that ionic liquid could disrupt the covalent linkages between the biomass structures and dissolved the hollocellulose. This allowed the hollocellulose chains, accessible to the chemical transformation, to react and produce levulinic acid in presence of the hybrid catalyst. This study demonstrated that the combination of hybrid catalyst and ionic liquid has the potential to be applied for biomass conversion to levulinic acid under adequate process conditions.

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Dehydration of d-fructose to levulinic acid over LZY zeolite catalyst

Cited by 111 publications

References 7 publications

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Organic Acids in Aqueous Media

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Organic Acids in Aqueous Media

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

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