Dehydration induces sodium depletion in rats, rabbits, and sheep

McKinley, MJ; Denton, D. A.; Nelson, J. F.; Weisinger, R. S.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1983.245.2.r287

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that elevated plasma sodium concentration prevents the rise in aldosterone during dehydration to avoid augmenting the osmotic load. In addition, the osmotic load can be diminished by natriuresis, which has been observed in dehydrated animals in positive sodium balance (28,41). The present camels lost sodium via the milk and possibly also by natriuresis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Bekele¹,

Olsson²,

Olsson

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Bekele T, Olsson K, Olsson U, Dahlborn K. Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305: R639-R646, 2013. First published July 10, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00015.2013.-During drought periods camels are watered at long intervals, but effects on body fluid homeostasis of lactating camels are not known. It was hypothesized that camels store water after drinking and minimize water losses by diurnal variation in body temperature, changes in behavior, and release of vasopressin. The aim was to find a sustainable watering interval for lactating camels. Seven lactating camels were studied in a cross-over trial in which they were watered once daily (W1), every fourth day (W4), every eighth day (W8), or after 16 days (W16) with a 5-day interval between treatments. When offered water every fourth or eighth days, the camels drank sufficient amounts to cover their needs for subsequent days, but after 16 days of dehydration they did not drink enough to compensate the body weight loss. Rectal temperature fell at night and the camels searched shade during daytime minimizing evaporative fluid losses. Plasma osmolality and sodium concentration were elevated after 4 days of water deprivation and plasma protein and vasopressin concentrations after 8 days. Milk production decreased during the last week of W16. Plasma aldosterone concentration was elevated upon rehydration after W16, indicating sodium deficiency. In conclusion, lactating camels stored water after drinking and reduced water losses by staying in shade, keeping body temperature low, and releasing plasma vasopressin. However, serious dehydration was observed during W8, and after 16 days of water deprivation recovery took a long time. A watering interval between 4 and 7 days seems advisable under similar environmental conditions. aldosterone; body weight; dehydration; osmolality; vasopressin IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS recurrent droughts often decimate livestock but camels survive and continue to produce milk (22). Nomadic camel pastoralism is therefore a rational human adaptation to a severe and adverse environment, but it has a great potential for improvement (34).In the dry season it is customary to water camels every 7-15 days, but the interval can be up to 30 days if the water source is far away (2). Water is often collected manually from deep wells making watering the most laborious activity for camel herders during drought periods (8).Studies on fluid and temperature regulation in males and nonpregnant, nonlactating females have given basic understanding of the adaptive mechanisms by which camels cope with their hostile environment, e.g., diurnal variation in core body temperature, low water turnover in the body, maintained plasma volume, and behavioral adjustments (35-37, 39, 40, 45). Camels show salt appetite as do some other mammals (16,22) and are regularly given salt or taken to salt-rich places (10, 44).Camel milk contains 15-20 mmol/l of sodiu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Bekele¹,

Olsson²,

Olsson

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Dehydrated animals show excessive drinking rapidly (Thracher et al, 1981;McKinley et al, 1983), and this rapid effect also occurs when animals drank hypertonic NaCl solution (Holmes and Gregersen, 1950). Increases in plasma osmolality reflected by plasma Na + levels ([Na + ]) cause proportional increases in water intake in animals (Fitzsimons, 1963).…”

Section: General Introduction Thirst and Salt Appetite Are Controlledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural mechanisms for the control of thirst and salt appetite in the subfornical organ

et al. 2016

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“…Increased plasma osmolarity may be a cause and/or a target of up-regulated renal f(P)RR in both the high salt intake and dehydration. It was reported that dehydration induced a considerable increase in the daily output of sodium in urine (McKinley et al 1983). Food and sodium intake fell during dehydration, but urinary sodium excretion increased significantly (Thrasher et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Deprivation Increases (Pro)renin Receptor Levels in the Kidney and Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor

Tamura¹,

Mori²,

Xu³

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Water deprivation activates the renin-angiotensin system. We have hypothesized that the renal expression of (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR), a specific receptor for renin and prorenin, could be changed under dehydration. Moreover, plasma levels of soluble (P)RR (s(P)RR) comprising of the extracellular domain of (P)RR may reflect the renal (P)RR expression. In the present study, we therefore aimed to clarify changes of plasma s(P)RR concentrations and kidney tissue (P)RR levels using rats with dehydration. Male WisterKyoto rats were divided into two groups; dehydrated (DH) rats deprived of water for 72 hours with free access to food, and control rats. Plasma s(P)RR concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly lower in DH rats (6.94 ± 2.08 ng/mL, mean ± SD, n = 5) than in control (12.54 ± 2.00 ng/mL, n = 5) (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed lower expression levels of s(P)RR in plasma in DH rats than in control. By contrast, western blot analysis showed higher levels of fulllength (P)RR and lower levels of furin (an enzyme responsible for generation of s(P)RR from full-length (P)RR) in the kidney tissues obtained from DH rats compared to control. There was no significant difference in the renal (P)RR mRNA levels between DH rats and control. These findings suggest that water deprivation may elevate the renal full-length (P)RR levels via reducing the expression of furin. Increased full-length (P)RR may contribute to the up-regulation of the renal renin-angiotensin system and the production of concentrated urine under dehydration.

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Dehydration induces sodium depletion in rats, rabbits, and sheep

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Distinct neural mechanisms for the control of thirst and salt appetite in the subfornical organ

Water Deprivation Increases (Pro)renin Receptor Levels in the Kidney and Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor

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