Dehydration affects exercise-induced asthma and anaphylaxis

Abstract

Allergies are generally triggered by food, medication, physical exercise, stress, alcohol consumption, and dehydration. There are reports that indicate dehydration affects various kinds of physical allergies. However, there are few studies that have focused on the effects of dehydration on asthma and allergy anaphylaxis. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of dehydration on several kinds of allergy responses and exercise-induced asthma especially during the endurance exercise. PubMed was searched from April to July of 2019 using predefined search terms "dehydration," "exercise," and "allergy responses." Based on the reference search, more than one-hundred articles were identified but eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for connections among exercise and dehydration, dehydration and exercise-induced asthma, and allergy responses in the main text. Results suggest that dehydration directly impairs stroke volume, cardiac output, and skin blood flow. This results in larger increases in core temperature, heart rate, and stroke volume. Additionally, exercise-induced dehydration reduces airway surface hydration, which results in an amplified brocnchoconstriction. This response to exercise occurs in those who suffer from exercise-induced asthma. Moreover, damage to the gut and impaired gut function relates to increased intestinal permeability after endurance exercise. Endurance exercise changes the immunological profiles to activate antibody-mediated immunity. Also, numerous mast cells and eosinophils were recruited, therefore isotype switching to IgE antibodies occur, this hypersensitivity activates mast cell degranulation. After degranulation, proteases, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and histamine lead to many kinds of allergy symptoms.

Food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis: role of cofactors

“…49) The role of dehydration-induced gut damage was a postulated mechanism. 50) On the contrary, using an experiment of cycling exercise in dehydrated and euhydrated conditions, van Nieuwenhoven et al 51) showed that dehydration did not lead to…”

“…In rats, water avoidance stress for 10 days decreased intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins such as occludin and claudin-1 [ 49 ]. The role of dehydration-induced gut damage was a postulated mechanism [ 50 ]. On the contrary, using an experiment of cycling exercise in dehydrated and euhydrated conditions, van Nieuwenhoven et al [ 51 ] showed that dehydration did not lead to differences in intestinal permeability in healthy men.…”

Effort-induced bronchospasm in athletes: modern views on pathogenesis and diagnosis in high-school teenagers

“…The importance of inflammatory mediators in pathophysiological mechanism formation in EIB development is described in a number of modern studies [15,16]. For a long time, histamine was considered the key mediator responsible for pathological process formation.…”

“…People suffering from EIB were diagnosed with a significant increase in the concentration of cysteinyl LT, histamine, and tryptase in sputum when taking physical activity [19]. Decreased level of inflammatory mediators in sputum has been found to be associated with the administration of drugs such as montelukast and loratadine [16]. As a result of some studies, it was found that people with EIB who regularly have intensive physical activity show a significant increase in excreted in urine prostaglandin F2 and LT E4.…”

Klasifikasi Tingkat Dehidrasi Berdasarkan Kondisi Urine, Denyut Jantung dan Laju Pernapasan

“…Tanpa adanya cairan yang memadai, tubuh tidak dapat memberikan energi yang cukup bagi sel untuk dapat bekerja. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan laju pernapasan diperlukan untuk mengkompensasi permasalahan tersebut agar sel tetap dapat bekerja (Kim & Kwak, 2019).…”