Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane regulates stem cell activity in vitro

Abstract

Human‐derived placental tissues have been shown in randomized clinical trials to be effective for healing chronic wounds, and have also demonstrated the ability to recruit stem cells to the wound site in vitro and in vivo. In this study, PURION® Processed dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allografts (dHACM, EpiFix®, MiMedx Group, Marietta, GA) were evaluated for their ability to alter stem cell activity in vitro. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs), adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were treated with soluble extracts of dHACM tissue, and were evaluated for cellular proliferation, migration, and cytokine secretion. Stem cells were analyzed for cell number by DNA assay after 24 h, closure of an acellular zone using microscopy over 3 days, and soluble cytokine production in the medium of treated stem cells was analyzed after 3 days using a multiplex ELISA array. Treatment with soluble extracts of dHACM tissue stimulated BM‐MSCs, ADSCs, and HSCs to proliferate with a significant increase in cell number after 24 h. dHACM treatment accelerated closure of an acellular zone by ADSCs and BM‐MSCs after 3 days, compared to basal medium. BM‐MSCs, ADSCs, and HSCs also modulated endogenous production of a number of various soluble signals, including regulators of inflammation, mitogenesis, and wound healing. dHACM treatment promoted increased proliferation and migration of ADSCs, BM‐MSCs, and HSCs, along with modulation of secreted proteins from those cells. Therefore, dHACM may impact wound healing by amplifying host stem cell populations and modulating their responses in treated wound tissues. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1495–1503, 2016.

Clinical application of decellularized and lyophilized human amnion/chorion membrane grafts for closing post‐laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulas

“…The amniotic membrane, separated from the chorion by the intermediate or the sponge layer, is mostly composed of type III collagen and glycoproteins. It also contains numerous growth factors, such as EGF, bFGF, KGF, VEGF, TGF-a, TGF-b, PDGF, HGF, and NGF [66][67][68][69][70][71]. In this study, the DLHACM grafts were tightly attached to the wound surface and efficiently absorbed wound exudates.…”

Co-effect of silk and amniotic membrane for tendon repair

“…Furthermore, it promoted increased proliferation and migration of cells. [55] Such results were caused by the amniotic membrane composition, which included platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), PDGF-BB, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), TGF-β1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), various interleukins, and TIMP 1, 2 and 4. [56] Although transplanted tendon grafts are usually surrounded by a vascular synovial sheath as early as several weeks post-operatively, revascularization is usually incomplete at 20 weeks post-implantation.…”

Preparation of placental tissue transplants and their application in skin wound healing and chosen skin bullous diseases ‐ Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis treatment

“…Placental tissues have also the ability to promote cell proliferation and migration and to modulate cytokine secretion through various cell types involved in wound healing, including dermal fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells and stem cells. [13][14][15][16] Some scientists even claim that the usefulness of amnion in wound healing may be due to the fact that inflammatory processes (mediated mainly by mast cells) during healing are similar to gestational processes. That is why so-called amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution provides most of the necessary healing mediators.…”

“…14,24 Moreover, thanks to mesenchymal cells and their ability to secrete substances such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), growth-related oncogene (GRO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), amniotic membrane accelerates angiogenesis. 16 In addition, inhibition of neutrophils by amniotic cells contributes to inflammation reduction and to collagen degradation limitation, which translates into faster wound healing. 1,15,25 The ability of placental cells to transdifferentiate into cells of various organs (among others to cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, fibroblasts and hepatocyte-like cells) has been also demonstrated.…”