Degrees of relatedness of T-even type E. coli phages using different or the same receptors and topology of serologically cross-reacting sites.

Schwarz, Heinz; Riede, Isolde; Sonntag, Ingeborg; Henning, Ulf

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01433.x

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Double infection of a bacterial host by different phages and homologue recombination or incorrect excision and packaging of the phage DNA may lead to the transfer of DNA fragments of different origin. This is discussed as a fundamental idea for a model of modular evolution for viruses (Kim & Davidson 1974, Mise 1976, Schwarz et al 1983, Gibbs 1987, Jarvis 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, a significant group of marine bacteriophages in the North Sea

Wichels¹,

Gerdts²,

Schütt³

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The occurrence and distribution of specific bacteriophages of marine Pseudoalteromonas spp. in the North Sea (North Sea phages) and their genetic relationship to several previously isolated marine phage species from waters of the Helgoland Roads (German Bight, Helgoland phages) were investigated. During 3 cruises from the Elbe estuary to western Norwegian waters, phages were concentrated by ultrafiltration. Detection and isolation of North Sea phages were performed by plaque assay, with 70 host bacteria of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The genetic relationship between North Sea phages from different stations and Helgoland phages, formerly described as Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, was assessed by DNA-DNA hybridization. DNA probes were prepared using whole phage DNA derived from 13 Helgoland phages. This approach provides the first information on the distribution of specific Pseudoalteromonas spp. phage-host systems (PHS) in the North Sea. The occurrence of Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, which are specific for the tested Pseudoalteromonas spp. host bacteria, was restricted to a narrow geographical region of the German Bight between 53°30' and 57°00' N latitude. Most of the previously isolated Helgoland phages were highly host specific (54%), whereas this was true for only some of the 39 North Sea phages (16%). The most common Pseudoalteromonas spp. phage species found in the North Sea belong to the virus family Siphoviridae (species H103/1). Several phage strains within this phage species displayed different host sensitivity patterns.KEY WORDS: Marine phages · Pseudoalteromonas · Phage DNA probes · North Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 27: [233][234][235][236][237][238][239] 2002 species infecting Pseudoalteromonas spp. in the North Sea. Our previous work on DNA homologies among 22 different marine phages, as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization, showed that the whole DNA of each phage was specific for only 1 phage species (Wichels et al. 1998). These results suggest that phage DNA can be used as specific DNA probes in order to identify single phage species. Data elucidating the genetic relatedness and host range of Helgoland phages and North Sea phages are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODSWater samples were collected during 3 cruises to the North Sea. Samples were tested for plaque formation on 70 bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. After isolation and purification of the new Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, they were characterized by DNA hybridization and host range cross-reaction test, in order to assign them to a virus family and a phage species.Bacterial strains, phages and media. Seventy marine bacterial host strains and 13 lytic phages were provided by Moebus (1992a,b). They were isolated from water samples collected at Helgoland Roads (HR; 54°09' N, 7°52' E; Fig. 1), which is located approximately 55 km offshore in the German Bight. In order to characterize the 70 host bacteria, colony hybridization was p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, a significant group of marine bacteriophages in the North Sea

Wichels¹,

Gerdts²,

Schütt³

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…However, nothing is known, so far, about gp34 and gp36. Reinspection of electron micrographs, taken previously to study the serological relationships of different phages [12], reveals that monovalent antibody fragments (Fab) always bind pairwise to the regions of the tail fiber where gp34, 36 and 37 are located ( fig.4). Hence, dimerization of gp34 and 36 also occurs in a parallel fashion.…”

Section: Volume 215 Number L Febs Letters May 1987mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron microscopy. Phage Tull*-46 is shown with antibodies against phage Tull*-6 [12]. Monovalent antibody fragments (Fab) (arrowheads) bind always pairwise to regions including gp34, 36 and 37.…”

Section: Model For the Fiber Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted structure of tail‐fiber proteins of T‐even type phages

1987

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The sequences of the tail fiber protein 36 of the phages T 4, T 2, K3, and Ox 2 were analyzed for homologies and for folding patterns using structure prediction methods. No repeating motif was found. A model for the fiber structure is proposed in which fl-strands of about 6 amino acids are separated by turns. In the fl-strand, hydrophobic amino acids are found alternating with hydrophilic ones. Such amphipathic fl-strands can be stabilized by dimer formation. The dimerization occurs in a parallel fashion so that both N-termini are at one end of the dimer. This structure represents a rigid fiber. Our model is consistent with electron microscopic data and electron diffraction patterns for the T 4 tail fiber. The observation that all fiber components are found as dimers supports our model. Sequences of the receptor recognition proteins 38 of T-even type phages reveal an architecture different from the architecture of the fiber proteins 36 and 37 of these phages.

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“…This leads to a conformational change in the base plate structure and unfolding of the short tail fibers that bind irreversibly to LPS moieties, resulting in contraction of the tail sheath and DNA injection (41,58). Other outer membrane proteins such as OmpA and OmpF also serve as receptors for members of the T-even group, and several of these Omp-specific phages also rely on specific structures in the LPS for infectivity in addition to the porin as seen for T4 (33,34,45,58). Phages recognizing capsular polysaccharides have also been described for E. coli, and these phages not only bind but also cleave their receptor in order to get into contact with the host membrane for injection of their DNA (48).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

et al. 2011

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Bacteriophages infecting the food-borne human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni could potentially be exploited to reduce bacterial counts in poultry prior to slaughter. This bacterium colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry in high numbers, and contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the major source of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, we used phage F336 belonging to the Myoviridae family to select a C. jejuni NCTC11168 phage-resistant strain, called 11168R, with the aim of investigating the mechanisms of phage resistance. We found that phage F336 has reduced adsorption to 11168R, thus indicating that the receptor is altered. While proteinase K-treated C. jejuni cells did not affect adsorption, periodate treatment resulted in reduced adsorption, suggesting that the phage binds to a carbohydrate moiety. Using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we found that 11168R lacks an O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) moiety attached to the GalfNAc on the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which was further confirmed by mass spectroscopy. Sequence analysis of 11168R showed that the potentially hypervariable gene cj1421, which encodes the GalfNAc MeOPN transferase, contains a tract of 10 Gs, resulting in a nonfunctional gene product. However, when 11168R reverted back to phage sensitive, cj1421 contained 9 Gs, and the GalfNAc MeOPN was regained in this strain. In summary, we have identified the phase-variable MeOPN moiety, a common component of the diverse capsular polysaccharides of C. jejuni, as a novel receptor of phages infecting this bacterium.

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Degrees of relatedness of T-even type E. coli phages using different or the same receptors and topology of serologically cross-reacting sites.

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, a significant group of marine bacteriophages in the North Sea

Pseudoalteromonas spp. phages, a significant group of marine bacteriophages in the North Sea

Predicted structure of tail‐fiber proteins of T‐even type phages

Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

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