Degree of vision impairment influence the fight outcomes in the Paralympic judo: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Mashkovskiy, Evgeny; Magomedova, A. U.; Ачкасов, Е. Е.

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08232-4

Cited by 19 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We did not achieve our aim of finding a specific optimal cut-off point. Still, the results add weight to earlier findings showing the most severely impaired athletes in VI judo are less successful than their better-sighted opponents (Kons et al, 2019;Krabben et al, 2018;Mashkovskiy et al, 2019). Yet where earlier work compared existing groups based on current classes, in the current study we directly related visual function to performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Even though VI judo effectively only holds one competitive class for all eligible athletes, athletes are allocated to one of three sport classes based on an assessment of their visual function (Table 1). This class allocation has allowed for comparisons of competitive success between athletes of different sport classes, showing functionally blind (class B1) athletes perform worse than their partially sighted (class B2/B3) opponents (Kons et al, 2019;Krabben et al, 2018;Mashkovskiy et al, 2019). Yet VI judokas with most residual vision (class B3) do not win more often when fighting opponents with less residual vision (class B2) (Mashkovskiy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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May the best-sighted win? The relationship between visual function and performance in Para judo

Krabben

Mashkovskiy

Ravensbergen

2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study aimed to establish the optimal cutoff point(s) between classes in a new, evidence-based classification system for VI judo. We collected results from international VI judo competitions held between 2012 and 2018. Data on visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) measured during classification were obtained. Performance was determined by calculating a win ratio for each athlete. VA was significantly associated with judo performance (r = −.33, p <.001), VF was not (r =.30, p =.15). Decision tree analysis suggested to split the data into two groups with a VA cutoff of 2.5 logMAR units. Stability assessment using bootstrap sampling suggested a split into two groups, but showed considerable variability in the cutoff point between 2.0 and 3.5 logMAR. We conclude that to minimise the impact of impairment on the outcome of competition, VI judo should be split into two sport classes to separate partially sighted from functionally blind athletes. To establish an exact cutoff point and to decide if other measures of visual function need to be included, we argue for continued research efforts together with careful evaluation of research results from a multidisciplinary perspective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

May the best-sighted win? The relationship between visual function and performance in Para judo

Krabben

Mashkovskiy

Ravensbergen

2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…However, it is doubtful whether the rule adaptations are sufficient to allow judokas with different degrees of VI to compete equitably against each other. Recent analyses of competition outcomes suggest that under the present system, blind judokas might be at a disadvantage when competing against partially sighted opponents (Krabben et al, 2018; Mashkovskiy et al, 2018). Yet no studies have been carried out which directly relate measures of functional vision to judo performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Development of Evidence-Based Classification of Vision Impairment in Judo: A Delphi Study

2019

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Objective: Most para-sports group athletes into “classes” to compete against others with similar activity limitations. Judokas with vision impairment (VI) instead all compete in the same class irrespective of their level of impairment. There is considerable controversy whether this approach represents a legitimate way to structure judo competition. The aim of this study was to establish expert opinion on the requirements for an evidence-based classification system for VI judo. Methods: A panel of 18 athletes, coaches, and administrators participated in a three-round Delphi review process. Expert opinions were canvased for a large range of issues related to classification in judo. Between rounds, results were summarized and further questions were asked on topics where consensus was not reached across experts. Results: The panel expressed that: (i) blind and partially sighted athletes should not compete against each other in the same class; (ii) additional measures of visual function might be needed to accurately evaluate an athlete’s impairment; (iii) the minimum impairment criteria (MIC) should represent a more severe level of impairment to ensure that all those included possess a level of VI that indeed decreases performance in judo; and (iv) legitimate competition could be undermined by some athletes intentionally underperforming on classification tests. The panel identified six additional measures of visual function which are not currently measured but are likely to impact judo performance, and six aspects of judo performance which are most likely impacted by VI. Conclusion: Experts in the field of VI judo expressed a need to change the manner in which VI judokas are classified. This study outlines a model for establishing the impairment–performance relationship and guides the development of evidence-based classification for VI judo.

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“…However, there was no significant performance difference between these Paralympic classes for performances with the sonorous SJFT stimulus. Prior research has already shown that B1 athletes usually have lower competitive success (e.g., scores and medals in official competition) (Kons et al., 2019; Krabben et al., 2018; Mashkovskiy et al., 2019) and technical-tactical performance (e.g., efficiency and shorter time to lose) than athletes who are partially sighted (Kons et al., 2019), mainly due to their missing field of vision. However, when the sonorous stimulus was used in the SJFT, these performance differences decreased, allowing for more homogeneity (considering their degree of visual impairment) between athletes of different classes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Suitability of Adaptations to the Special Judo Fitness Test for Athletes With Visual Impairment

Kons

Franchini

Bragança³

et al. 2021

Percept Mot Skills

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This study aimed to test the reliability, sensitivity, construct and logical validity of an adapted Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) for judo athletes with visual impairment . Twenty judo athletes with visual impairments performed both the adapted SJFT with tactile and sonorous stimuli (experimental conditions) and the typically administered SJFT (standard condition). We used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with repeated-measures to compare the groups’ SJFT performances, and one-way ANOVAs to compare different visual ability classes of athletes (B1, B2 and B3). We used t-tests to compare SJFT variables between elite and sub-elite groups. We set statistical significance for all tests at p < 0.05. The standard SJFT showed excellent test-retest reliability for number of throws and overall index (ICC = 0.91–0.95), and both sonorous and tactile sensitivity adaptations of the SJFT showed medium sensitivity for detecting performance changes. The number of throws and SJFT index were higher with the sonorous adaptation of the test, compared to the tactile and standard versions ( p < 0.001). Athletes who were blind (B1) presented similar performances to athletes who were partially sighted (B2 and B3) only on the SJFT with the sonorous stimulus. Moreover, only the sonorous SJFT adaptation discriminated between the performances of elite and sub-elite athletes ( p < 0.001). In conclusion, both SJFT adaptations showed excellent reliability and medium sensitivity on test-retest, but, only the SJFT with the sonorous stimulus seemed valid for assessing judo athletes with varying degrees of visual impairment, and only the sonorous stimulus SJFT discriminated elite from sub-elite athletes.

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Degree of vision impairment influence the fight outcomes in the Paralympic judo: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

May the best-sighted win? The relationship between visual function and performance in Para judo

May the best-sighted win? The relationship between visual function and performance in Para judo

The Development of Evidence-Based Classification of Vision Impairment in Judo: A Delphi Study

Psychometric Suitability of Adaptations to the Special Judo Fitness Test for Athletes With Visual Impairment

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