Degree of Polymerization of Inulin-Type Fructans Differentially Affects Number of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Intestinal Immune Functions, and Immunoglobulin A Secretion in the Rat Cecum

Ito, Hiroyuki; Takemura, Nobuyuki; Sonoyama, Kei; Kawagishi, Hirokazu; Topping, David L.; Conlon, Michael A.; Morita, Tatsuya

doi:10.1021/jf200859z

Cited by 119 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Our results were in accordance with those of previous studies showing that dietary inulin with lower DP predominantly increased the proportion of Lactobacillus in healthy rodents (6,29,30). Conversely, Vos and others showed that Synergy 1 stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus more strongly than oligosaccharide or inulin in animal models (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The latter are subdivided into granulated inulin (GR; average DP of 10, ranging from 2 to 60), and high-performance inulin (HP; average DP of 24, ranging from 10 to 60) as well as Synergy 1, a specific 1 : 1 mixture of oligofructose and the HP-inulin. It has been established that both the rate and end products of gut microbial fermentation of fructans are affected profoundly by DP (5,6). Short-chain saccharides are likely to be fermented more rapidly than longer ones (7,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Han

Kobayashi

Nakamura

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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The complex human large bowel microbiome is critical for health and its growth and metabolic activity is highly dependent on substrate availability (1, 2). Quantitatively, the major carbon and energy sources are nondigestible dietary carbohydrates (fiber), undigested proteins and host mucopolysaccharides (3,4). The main fiber carbohydrates are non starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starches (RS) which are fermented to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) leading to a lowering of pH, which is thought to protect against the absorption of cytotoxic and genotoxic bacterial products. Of the three major SCFAs, acetate, propionate and butyrate, the last is thought to be especially important for the maintenance of optimal colonic function and protection against serious large bowel disease in the long term.Recently, inulin-type fructans (b-(2,1)-linked fructosyl residues) have attracted industrial and scientific attention. These fiber components are produced mostly from chicory roots and are fermented extensively by the large bowel microbiome. Fructans are classified to their degree of polymerization (DP) as oligofructose (average DP of 4, ranging from 2 to 8) or longer chain inulins (average DP10, ranging from 2 to 60). The latter are subdivided into granulated inulin (GR; average DP of 10, ranging from 2 to 60), and high-performance inulin (HP; average DP of 24, ranging from 10 to 60) as well as Synergy 1, a specific 1 : 1 mixture of oligofructose and the HP-inulin. It has been established that both the rate and end products of gut microbial fermentation of fructans are affected profoundly by DP (5, 6). Short-chain saccharides are likely to be fermented more rapidly than longer ones (7,8). Previously we have shown in rats that an inulin-type fructan (inulin-Tokachi, average DP of 15, range 2-60) was fermented throughout the colon more slowly than inulin-GR (average DP of 10) but faster than inulin-HP (average DP of 24) (9). This difference translated to in differences in the number of colonic microbial species and hypolipidemic response (9). Summary The effects of inulin with three different degrees of polymerization (DP) on microbial dietary fiber fermentation were compared in an in vitro simulator of the porcine large bowel. The three inulin isolates had a DP of 15 (from chicory grown in Hokkaido, Japan), and 10 and 24 (from Orafti, Belgium), while cellulose was used as a control. The Lactobacillus level in the DP 10 group at 48 h and bifidobacteria levels in the DP 15 and DP 24 groups at 24 and 48 h were significantly higher than in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups. The SCFA concentrations in all the inulin groups were significantly higher than in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups at 24 and 48 h. Ammonia nitrogen concentrations in all the inulin groups were significantly lower than those in the carbohydrate-free and cellulose groups at 24 and 48 h. The three different inulin types were fermentable by gut microbiota as indicated by substantial increases in SCFA. In particular, inulin DP 15 exhi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Han

Kobayashi

Nakamura

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…FOSs (0.06% in the diet for 15 d) have been shown to increase the production of the immunoglobulin IgA in the cecum of rodents. Efficacy was dependent on FOS chain length, with shorter chain lengths resulting in higher cecal IgA concentrations (86). Shorter chain lengths resulted in higher viscosity and enhanced microbial fermentation (7,87).…”

Section: Impact Of Df On the Gut The Gatekeeper Of The Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys

Kieffer

Martin

Adams

2016

Advances in Nutrition

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Increased dietary fiber (DF) intake elicits a wide range of physiologic effects, not just locally in the gut, but systemically. DFs can greatly alter the gut milieu by affecting the gut microbiome, which in turn influences the gut barrier, gastrointestinal immune and endocrine responses, and nitrogen cycling and microbial metabolism. These gut-associated changes can then alter the physiology and biochemistry of the body's other main nutrient management and detoxification organs, the liver and kidneys. The molecular mechanisms by which DF alters the physiology of the gut, liver, and kidneys is likely through gut-localized events (i.e., bacterial nitrogen metabolism, microbe-microbe, and microbe-host cell interactions) coupled with specific factors that emanate from the gut in response to DF, which signal to or affect the physiology of the liver and kidneys. The latter may include microbe-derived xenometabolites, peptides, or bioactive food components made available by gut microbes, inflammation signals, and gut hormones. The intent of this review is to summarize how DF alters the gut milieu to specifically affect intestinal, liver, and kidney functions and to discuss the potential local and systemic signaling networks that are involved. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1111-21.

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“…Animal studies have shown that degree of polymerization of inulin-type fructans differentially affects metabolic status. 12,13 A randomized clinical trial to compare inulin and oligofructose-enriched inulin effect on glycemic indices and blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes showed that inulin is effective than oligofructoseenriched inulin on food intake, glycemic indices and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Prebiotic Inulin and Oligofructose Improve Some of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2015

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Degree of Polymerization of Inulin-Type Fructans Differentially Affects Number of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Intestinal Immune Functions, and Immunoglobulin A Secretion in the Rat Cecum

Cited by 119 publications

References 41 publications

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Comparison of the Effects of Longer Chain Inulins with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Colonic Fermentation in a Mixed Culture of Swine Fecal Bacteria

Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys

A Combination of Prebiotic Inulin and Oligofructose Improve Some of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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