Degradations due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in multigigabit intensity-modulated fiber-optic systems

Degradation of modulation and noise characteristics of semiconductor lasers after propagation in optical fiber due to a phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering

“…The ratio , where is the dephasing angle between the laser frequency and intensity modulation, will be referred to in what follows as the phase-to-intensity (modulation index) ratio (PIR), which for light produced by a semiconductor laser is a function of the modulation frequency . In the case of direct modulation of the laser with modulation current , the PIR can be expressed as PIR (2) where is the linewidth enhancement factor and is related to several laser parameters and contributes to a quasiadiabatic chirp [10].…”

“…In particular, it has been shown through signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit-error rate (BER) measurements that the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can be a major impairment in directly modulated fiberoptic systems [2], [3].…”

The spectral dependence of SBS-induced noise in all-optical wavelength conversion

“…SBS is a nonlinear scattering process which results in the back-scattering of light by the acoustic gratings generated in the fiber [12]. It is shown that SBS not only limits the power that can be launched into a fiber, but also induces base-band noise when the continuous wave pump power exceeds the SBS threshold [13,14]. Analyzing the effect of SBS on the signal quality of wavelength converted data was done by Inoue et al, in which the signal degradation of wavelength converted data due to SBS was reported for the first time [15].…”

Investigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering effects in radio-over-fiber distribution systems

“…In this work we focus on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) since it is likely to have the lowest threshold in systems employing lasers with narrow linewidths. SBS occurs when the incident pump wave generates acoustic waves through the process of electrostriction and the sound waves cause vibrations in the glass lattice that makes up the fiber core [5]. Once the Brillouin threshold is reached, SBS occurs in the fiber, reflecting parts of the input powers launched into the optical fibre and the power is converted into the backward-travelling light, which is named the Stokes wave [6].…”