Degradation reaction of Diazo reactive black 5 dye with copper (II) sulfate catalyst in thermolysis treatment

Abstract

The theme of present research demonstrates performance of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO) as catalyst in thermolysis process to treat reactive black 5 (RB 5) dye. During thermolysis without presence of catalyst, heat was converted to thermal energy to break the enthalpy of chemical structure bonding and only 31.62% of color removal. With CuSO support as auxiliary agent, the thermally cleaved molecular structure was further destabilized and reacted with CuSO. Copper ions functioned to delocalize the coordination of π of the lone paired electron in azo bond, C=C bond of the sp carbon to form C-C of the sp amorphous carbon in benzene and naphthalene. Further, the radicals of unpaired electrons were stabilized and RB 5 was thermally decomposed to methyl group. Zeta potential measurement was carried out to analyze the mechanism of RB 5 degradation and measurement at 0 mV verified the critical chemical concentration (CCC) (0.7 g/L copper (II) sulfate), as the maximum 92.30% color removal. The presence of copper (II) sulfate catalyst has remarkably increase the RB 5 dye degradation as the degradation rate constant without catalyst, k is 6.5224 whereas the degradation rate constant with catalyst, k is 25.6810. This revealed the correlation of conversion of thermal energy from heat to break the chemical bond strength, subsequent fragmentation of RB 5 dye molecular mediated by copper (II) sulfate catalyst. The novel framework on thermolysis degradation of molecular structure of RB 5 with respect to the bond enthalpy and interfacial intermediates decomposition with catalyst reaction were determined.

Citric Acid Modified Bentonite for Congo Red Adsorption

“…However, the effluents discharged by these industries contain untreated dyes which can be toxic to human beings and aquatic life and hence their removal from contaminated wastewater is essential. Various methods such as adsorption over activated carbon (Wen et al, 2016), thermolysis, and coagulation (Yen et al, 2017), membrane separation (Cazzorla et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2018), electrochemical decolorization (Xu L. et al, 2018), photocatalytic degradation (Liu et al, 2019), and biological treatment (Banihani et al, 2018) have been widely reported for the removal of organic pollutants. Among these methods, adsorption over activated carbon is envisaged as highly effective technique.…”

Synergistic Effect of Iron and Copper Oxides in the Removal of Organic Dyes Through Thermal Induced Catalytic Degradation Process

“…The considerable increase in the degradation efficiency at high temperature is attributable to the production of additional radicals, which contribute to the oxidation of DV4 molecules into reaction products. According to prior studies, heat speeds up the reaction and produces more active radicals [38,39]. The activation energy (E a ) is calculated from the Arrhenius plot (not shown).…”

Thermal catalysis under dark ambient conditions in environmental remediation: Fundamental principles, development, and challenges

“…Very recently, Palas et al [38] reported the CWAO of reactive black 5 (100 mg L -1 ) with the aid of air and a LaNiO3 perovskite catalyst (1 g L -1 ) at 50 °C, atmospheric pressure, and pH = 3. It was found that 65.4% degradation and 89.6% decolorization were achieved in 2 h. The destruction of nitrogen to nitrogen double bonds initiated the decolorization with the for-mation of aromatic intermediates due to the smaller enthalpy of the -N=N-bonds than that of the -C=C-and -C-H bonds [39].…”